Goergen, G., & Neuenschwander, P. 1992 A cage experiment with four trophic levels: cassava plant growth as influenced by cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti, its parasitoid Epidinocarsis lopezi, and the hyperparasitoids Prochiloneurus insolitus and Chartocerus hyalipennis.. Zeitschrift fur Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz 99(2): 182-190.

Notes: Summary/abstract in: German. Abstract: Cassava mealybug was applied at two initial infestation densities to cassava, some of which was grown at different fertilizer levels; some cages received E. lopezi, the CM specific parasitoid, and/or the hyperparasitoids P. insolitus and C. hyalipenis; plant survival and dry matter production were used to assess the hyperparasitoid's effect via the food chain; all plants infested with CM alone died; adding either of the hyperparasitoids did not significantly reduce E. lopezi's efficiency in preventing damage; generally mild impact of hyperparasitoids confirms results in the field. Keywords: biological control.