Goergen, G. 1992 Biologie und Bedeutung von in Afrika einheimischen Hyperparasitoiden von Epidinocarsis lopezi (De Santis), einem eingefuhrten Parasitoiden der eingeschleppten Maniokschmierlaus Phenacoccus manihoti (Matile-Ferrero).. Justus Liebigs Universitat Giessen 140 pp.

Notes: Title in English: [Biology and importance of native African hyperparasitoids of Epidinocarsis lopezi (De Santis), an introduced parasitoid of the introduced cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero)]. Epidinocarsis lopezi is an encyrtid parasitoid of Phenacoccus manihoti that was introduced into Africa in about 1980 as a biological control agent against that mealybug on cassava. This thesis provides an account of searches in Nigeria and Benin for native African hyperparasitoids that could reduce the effectiveness of their primary host E. lopezi as a biological control agent, followed by laboratory and field studies (in Nigeria) on the adverse effects caused by Prochiloneurus insolitus and Chartocerus hyalipennis, the 2 major hyperparasitoids. A brief review of the biology of the primary and secondary hosts is followed by reports on laboratory and field studies of the biology, morphology and host spectrum of each of the 2 hyperparasitoids and their effects on E. lopezi. Finally, an account is presented of investigations in south-western Nigeria in 1984-88 on 6 hymenopterous hyperparasitoids of E. lopezi in P. manihoti on cassava. Of parasitized mealybugs, 35.4% contained hyperparasitoids. Of the hyperparasitized mummies, 40.40% were parasitized by P. insolitus, 35.70 by C. hyalipennis and 22.40% by Tetrastichus sp.