Frey, J.E., & Frey, B. 1995 Molecular identification of six species of scale insects (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus) by RAPD-PCR: assessing the field-specificity of pheromone traps.. Molecular Cell Biology 4: 777-780.

Notes: This species is a quarantine pest in Switzerland; occurrence is monitored by trapping males on glue traps treated with artificial female sex pheromone that is supposed to be species-specific; however, large numbers of males were caught in locations where, for ecological reasons, this species was not expected to occur, suggesting that the pheromone is attractive for one or several other scale species; this research tests this hypothesis on six European Quadraspidiotus species.