Frantisek, K., & Jitka, S. 2005 Monitoring of San Jose scale (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus Comst.) by pheromone traps and timing of control on crawlers.. Bulletin OILB/SROP (Sect. Reg. Ouest Palearctique) 28(7): 183-187.

Notes: [Use of pheromones and other semiochemicals in integrated control. Proceedings of the IOBC/WPRS 6th International Conference on Integrated Fruit Production, Cross, J. & Ioriatti, C. (Eds.), Baselga di Pine, Italy, 26-30 September 2004.] Field experiments were conducted in apple orchards in North Bohemia, from 1996 to 1999 and South Moravia, Czech Republic, from 1996 to 2003, to test 3 pheromone components for monitoring males of the San Jose scale, Diaspidiotus perniciosus (SJS). The combination of 2 specific pheromone components were the most effective for trapping SJS males. The date on which the first generation crawlers start to migrate was determined according to the sum of effective temperatures from 350 to 400(deg)C above 7.3(deg)C, calculated as from the date on which the first males of the owerwintering generation have been found in the pheromone traps. This sum of effective temperatures indicated the optimum period for timing of insecticide application. In orchards where insecticides were applied against the crawlers, the population density of SJS decreased and the damage to fruits was eliminated.