Flanders, S.E. 1960 The status of San Jose scale parasitization (including biological notes).. Journal of Economic Entomology 53(5): 757-759.

Notes: The marked reduction in abundance of Quadraspidiotus perniciosus Comstock in North America during the years subsequent to its accidental introduction from China was correlated with its acquirement of a parasitic fauna. The most important members of this fauna are the ectoparasites, Aphytis diaspidis, A. mytilaspidis and the endoparasites Coccophagoides kuwanae and Praspaltella perniciosi. P. perniciosi and its host, Q. perniciosus, presumable are native to China. Both were accidentally introduced into Australia, North America, and Brazil. P. perniciosi has been purposefully introduced into Chile, Europe, and South Africa. San Jose scale parasitization evidently caused a reduction in the incidence of infestations and enhanced the efficiency of control measures.