Fanani, M.Z., Rauf, A., Maryana, N., Nurmasyah, A., & Hindayana, D. 2023 Intraguild predation of Phenacoccus manihoti parasitoid Anagyrus lopezi by two mealybug predators, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri and Plesiochrysa ramburi. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1230/1/012101
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Notes: The study objective was to investigate interference of both predators on healthy mealybug (unparasitized) or parasitized mealybug by A. lopezi (mealybug which containing parasitoid larvae 1-, 3-, 8-, and 14-day old). Both of the predators specie were able to fed on both unparasitized and parasitized mealybugs of three different ages (1-, 3-, and 8- day-old), but both predators discriminated against mealybug whlich were parasitized 14-day before (hardened mummies). Interaction between parasitoid of A. lopezi and both predators showed antagonistic interaction type.
