Fabres, G., & Matile-Ferrero, D. 1980 [Entomophages associated with the coccinellid of manioc, Phenacoccus manihoti (Homoptera, Coccoidea, Pseudococcidae) in the Congo: 1. Components of the entomocenosis and their interrelations.]. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 16(4): 509-515.

Notes: Predators, parasites and hyperparasites are reported. A new species of the genus Anagyrus (undescribed) is the primary parasite. Several coccinellids (Exochomus flaviventris, E. concavus, Hyperaspis senegalensis hottentotta), cecidomyiids (Coccodiplosis citri, Dicrodiplosis sp.), lycaenid (Spalgis lemolea) and anthocorid (Cardiasthetus exiguus) are involved in the natural regulation of the pest population. Hperparasites (Xiphigaster pseudococci, Homalotylus flaminius, Prochiloneurus pulchellus) were found attacking Anagyrus, Exochomus and Coccodiplosis spp. An encyrtid (Cheiloneurus cyanonotus) develops on the hyperparasite Homalotylus. Data are given on the dynamics of the entomophagous insect populations, the time of intervention, the rate of parasitism and predation.