El-Serafi, H.A., Ghanim, A.A., El-Heneidy, A.H., & El-Sherbenie, M.K. 2004a Biological characteristics of Chilocorus bipustulatus L. and Chrysoperla carnea (Steph.) reared on soft scale insects under laboratory conditions.. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control 14(1): 87-95.

Notes: [Proceedings of the 1st Arab Conference for Applied Biological Pest Control, Cairo, Egypt, 5 to 7 April 2004.] Laboratory experiments were carried out to evaluate certain biological characteristics of the predatory species Chilocorus bipustulatus and Chrysoperla carnea when reared on Coccus hesperidum and Pulvinaria psidii [Chloropulvinaria psidii] under 27+/-1(deg)C temperature and 70+/-2% relative humidity. Chilocorus bipustulatus larval duration lasted an average of 17.33 days, and the larva consumed an average of 200.26 nymphs of C. hesperidum. Adult female lived 59.21 days, consuming 637.54 individuals. Total eggs laid were 178.54 eggs per female. Adult male lived 45.61 days, consuming 410.52 nymphs. When fed on P. psidii nymphs, the larval duration of the predator was 21.04 days, and the larva consumed an average of 177.46 nymphs. Adult female lived 60.01 days, consuming an average of 720.32 individuals. Total eggs laid were 125.74 eggs per female. Adult male lived 45.87 days, consuming an average of 458.96 nymphs. Larval duration of Chrysoperla carnea lasted an average of 14.5 days when fed on C. hesperidum nymphs, while it was 13.07 days when reared on C. hesperidum adults. The predator larva consumed an average of 462.62 C. hesperidum nymphs and/or 26.42 adults during its total developmental period. Longevity of the predator female lasted 36.14 days when fed on C. hesperidum nymphs, and 35.18 days when reared on the adults. Number of deposited eggs per female was on average 363.95 eggs when larva was reared on Coccus hesperidum nymphs and 409.68 eggs when it was reared on adults. Longevity of the predator male was 18.37 days and 17.81 days when its larvae were fed on the nymphs and adults of C. hesperidum, respectively. Chrysoperla carnea larval duration lasted an average of 17.09 days when fed on P. psidii nymphs and 14.33 days when it was reared on the adults. Predator's larva consumed an average of 615.10 P. psidii nymphs and/or 420.05 adults during its developmental period.