Ehler, L.E. 1995 Biological control of obscure scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) in California: an experimental approach.. Environmental Entomology 24: 779-795.

Notes: Melanaspis obscura, native to U.S., is associated with hosts of Quercus, Carya and Castanea; major pest of pin oak in urban areas and minor pest of pecan; this paper describes the effort to control this scale in Sacramento, California using Encarsia aurantii.