Dueñas-López, M.A. 2022 Toumeyella parvicornis (pine tortoise scale). CABI Compendium datasheet 2022: HTTPS://WWW.CABI.ORG/ISC/DATASHEET/54232

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Notes: The Nearctic pine tortoise scale, Toumeyella parvicornis, is a soft scale insect (Hemiptera: Coccidae) which infests pines throughout the middle and eastern USA. The pine tortoise scale is a pest of Pinus spp. and is widely distributed, from Canada to Mexico; it is a sporadic pest, occasionally damaging pine seedlings and saplings. It is considered a pest in young pine plantations, seed orchards and Christmas-tree farms. It is a highly invasive pest in the Caribbean, where its introduction into the Turks and Caicos Islands has threatened the survival of the endemic pine, Pinus caribaea var. bahamensis, changing the pine yard ecosystem in large areas of the islands.