Devasahayam, S., Koya, K.M.A., & Verghese, A. 1998 IPM in spices - challenges for the future.. Advances in IPM for Horticultural Crops. Assoc. for Advancement of Pest Management in Hort. Indian Institute of Horticultural Research Bangalore, India 363 pp.

Notes: [Subtitle: Proceedings of the First National Symposium on Pest Management in Horticultural Crops: Environmental Implications and Thrusts. Conference held in Bangalore, India, 15-17 October 1997.] The major insect pests infesting spices in India include, pollu beetle (Longitarsus nigripennis) and scale insects (Lepidosaphes piperis and Aspidiotus destructor) on black pepper; cardamom thrips (Sciothrips cardamomi), shoot and capsule borer (Conogethes punctiferalis) and root grub (Basilepta fulvicorne [Basilepta fulvicornis]) on cardamom; shoot borer (Conogethes punctiferalis) and rhizome scale (Aspidiella hartii) on ginger and turmeric, cinnamon butterfly (Chilasa clytia) and leaf miner (Conopomorpha civica) on cinnamon; stem borer (Sahyadrassus malabaricus) on clove; aphids (Hyadaphis coriandri and Myzus persicae) and seed midge (Systole albipennis) on coriander, cumin, fennel and fenugreek. Information available on the management of major insect pests of spices through cultural, biological and chemical means and use of resistant cultivars and scope and challenges in the adoption of IPM strategies are highlighted.