Cudjoe, A.R., Neuenschwander, P., & Copland, M.J.W. 1993 Interference by ants in biological control of the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Ghana.. Bulletin of Entomological Research 83(1): 15-22.

Notes: Abstract: Eight species of ants, mostly in the genera Camponotus, Crematogaster and Pheidole were found attending cassava mealybug; ant densities were much higher than in the savanna and, in most zones, positively correlated to mealybug population densities; weediness of the fields did not clearly influence the presence of ants; ants found to reduce parasitism rates by Epidinocarsis lopezi to half of those mealybug colonies not attended by ants. Keywords: biological control.