Crouch, C.D., Grady, A.M., Wilhelmi, N.P., Hofstetter, R.W., DePinte, D.E., & Waring, K.M. 2021 Oystershell scale: an emerging invasive threat to aspen in the southwestern US. Biological invasions doi.org/10.1007/s10530-021-02545-0(0123456789()

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distribution

host

illustration

Notes: Although Lepidosaphes ulmi has been an urban pest in the US since the 1700s, it has recently spread into natural aspen stands in northern Arizona, where outbreaks are causing dieback and mortality.