Ciampolini, M., & Guarnone, A. 2003 Proliferation of Parthenolecanium corni in vineyards.. Informatore Agrario 59(17): 81-85.

Notes: The morphology, life cycle and reproductive behaviour of P. corni have been widely studied and described. It thrives on a wide variety of plants in temperatures of 21-27 deg C and 60-70% humidity. It has been confirmed as a vector of grapevine leaf roll associated virus (GLRaV-1). Surveys in 2000 and 2001 in Italy showed that the females laid large numbers of eggs in May and again in late August, so avoiding the high summer temperatures. Many potential parasitoids and predators of P. corni exist, the presence of different species being dependent on varying environmental conditions (climate, host plants, etc.). The insect is sensitive to a wide range of insecticides which must be chosen in relation to the crop, local legal restrictions and environmental considerations.