Chakupurakal, J., Markham, R.H., Neuenschwander, P., Malambo, C., Mulwanda, D., Banda, E., Chalabesa, A., Bird, T., & Haug, T. 1994 Biological control of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae).. Biological Control 4(3): 254-262.

Notes: Abstract: Exotic parasitoid Epidinocarsis lopezi and some exotic coccinellid predators released 54 times; E. lopezi became established, but not the coccinellids; declining populations of P. manihoti measured; multiple regression analysis performed involving meteorological, agronomic, plant and entomological variables from a total of 4804 cassava fields; duration of E. lopezi's presence in an area was the most important factor; condition of plant, its age, rainfall and water retention capacity of the soil were also important; where populations of the cassava mealybug were lower, damage by the cassava green mite, Mononychellus tanajoa appeared more severe; frequency of ants increased with the cassava mealybug population density. Keywords: biological control.