Brown, G.C., & Potter, D.A. 1990 3.8.3 The Systems Approach to Integrated Pest Management with Emphasis on the Armored Scale Insects.. Armored Scale Insects, Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control [Series title: World Crop Pests, Vol. 4B]. Elsevier Amsterdam, the Netherlands 688 pp.

Notes: Abstract: Traditional concepts of systems approach are defined; use of systems approach in IPM in orchards is reviewed; discussion of its use in scale insect management in urban areas; suggestions for future directions of system analysis in scale insect research and pest management. Keywords: males.