Branco, M., Jactel, H., Borges da Silva, E., Binazzi, A.R., & Mendel, Z. 2004 Effect of trap design, trap size and pheromone dose on male capture of two pine bast scales species (Hemiptera: Matsucoccidae): implications for monitoring and mass-trapping.. Agricultural and Forest Entomology 6(3): 233-239.

Notes: The effects of pheromone dose, trap size and trap design on the capture of male Matsucoccus feytaudi were studied in maritime pine forests of Portugal, France and Italy, and Matsucoccus josephi in Aleppo pine stands of Israel. Males of both species respond to racemic mixtures of the respective sex pheromone at a dosage as low as 25 mug. However, for low population densities of M. feytaudi, a 50 mug dosage was needed to guarantee male catches significantly different from the control trap. Male capture increased with increasing dosage up to a threshold level for both species. Overdose repellence was not observed even with baits containing 1600 and 2200 mug of the pheromone of M. josephi and M. feytaudi, respectively. For M. feytaudi, a higher dose-response was observed at medium population densities, whereas lesser captures were registered at low and high population densities, suggesting female competition in the latter case. Catches of M. feytaudi males were not affected by trap design, whereas M. josephi males were caught in significantly greater numbers in delta traps. Large traps caught significantly more males of both species. The relative higher male catches in the marginal zone of the sticky traps is probably related to males landing behaviour in the vicinity of the pheromone source. The shape and size of the trap did not affect the bias of the estimates of male catches. However, the plate traps provided higher precision. Both bias and precision improved with increasing dose.