Bounfour, M., Jebbour, F., & Wadjinny, J. 2005 Biological traits of invasive insect species harmful to Moroccan agriculture.. Plant Protection and Plant Health in Europe: Introduction and Spread of Invasive Species, held at Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany, 9-11 June 200 British Crop Protection Council Alton, UK

Notes: [Symposium Proceedings NO. 81.] For all important crops in Morocco, key pests are always introduced species, i.e. Aonidiella aurantii, Aleurothrixus floccosus, Bemisia tabaci, Frankliniella occidentalis, Liriomyza bryoniae, L. trifolii, Panonychus citri, Parlatoria blanchardii, Phyllocnistis citrella and Pterochloroides persicae among others. The biological traits (dispersal, mode of reproduction, immature stages and generation time, and temperature and development) of such pests were observed to study principles underlying the success of their entry, establishment and spread. It appears that immature development for all species of interest occurs over a wide range of temperatures. Such species also have short generation times, which result in overlapping generations. Although such pests are reported as polyphagous, they show some specialization in a Moroccan context. Natural enemies and temperature are the most important factors in the regulation of population densities and in the limitation of the spread of introduced species.