Borges, M.E., Tejera, R.L., Díaz, L., Esparza, P., & Ibáñez, E. 2012 Natural dyes extraction from cochineal (Dactylopius coccus). New extraction methods. Food Chemistry 132: 1855–1860
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Notes: Carminic acid is the main pigment that can be extracted from the cochineal insect. In this work, new extraction methods have been studied in order to avoid the disadvantages mentioned above. Pressurised liquid extraction (PLE) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) techniques provide high selectivity and short extraction times.