Borges, L.R., & Lázzari, S.M.N. & Lázzari, S.M.N. 2003 [Occurrence and population fluctuation of insects on native and dense cropping systems of maté, Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.]. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 47(4): 563-568.

Notes: [Original title: Comparação dos sistemas de cultivo nativo e adensado de erva mate, Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil., quanto à ocorrência e flutuação populacional de insetos.] This research was carried out to compare the occurrence of insects in two maté cultivation systems, native and high tree density. It was performed from August 2000 to September 2001 in a private property in São Mateus do Sul county, in Paraná State, Brazil. Visual inspections of trees and light traps were used to evaluate insect populations in both areas. Among the species observed are nymphs and adults of Ceroplastes grandis (Hemiptera, Coccidae) on the branches, with population peak between April and June for the nymphs and from September to November for the adults. It should be considered that despite higher insect incidence in the dense area compared to the native area, the first presents higher yield, and that with a good pest management programme the insect problems can be minimized.