Barrows, E.M. 1979 Polistes wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) show interference competition with other insects for Kermes scale insect (Homoptera: Kermesidae) secretions.. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 81: 570-575.

Notes: 21 marked Polistes fuscatus females repelled other insects from kermesid scale insects Kermes kingi for from 1 to 4 days. These wasps drove away conspecifics and other insects in at least eight other families that attempted to feed on scale secretions. When flower nectar became abundant, P. fuscatus and other insects except ants abandoned the scales and visited flowers.