Barreda, A.T., Sánchez, R., & García-Marí, F. 2005 Densidad y estructura poblacional de Saissetia oleae Olivier (Hemiptera: Coccidae) en citricos y olivos: importancia relativa de las dos generaciones anuales.. Boletin de Sanidad Vegetal, Plagas, 34 (2), p. 211 34(2): 211.

Notes: Densidad y estructura poblacional de Saissetia oleae Olivier (Hemiptera: Coccidae) en c?tricos y olivos: importancia relativa de las dos generaciones anuales Title in English: [Density and structure of Saissetia oleae (Hemiptera: Coccidae) populations on Citrus and Olives: relative importance of the two annual generations] Abstract: Black scale Saissetia oleae (Olivier) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) is one of the most widely distributed pests of citrus and olives. The incidence of this scale is especially important along the Mediterranean basin, where olive and citrus groves are widely distributed and coexist locally. To improve integrated pest management (IPM) in both crops we have sought to determine the number and importance of black scale generations along 2003-05. Black scale populations presented a similar trend in both crops during the three years of study. Populations peaked in July, when crawlers emerged after the egg-laying period, and decreased during several months due to mortality of first instars in summer. A second crawler emergence period, with lower numbers and more variability from year to year, occurred in fall-winter. However, populations did not increase during this period, probably because most eggs and crawlers perished during the winter and also because females that gave rise to this fall-winter generation were half as big and fecund as spring females. The best seasonal period to apply pesticides to control S. oleae would be at the end of July, when populations are synchronous, all crawlers have already emerged, and first instars predominate.