Banks, H.J. 1990 1.3.5 Physiology and biochemistry.. Armored Scale Insects, Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control, [Series title: World Crop Pests, Vol. 4A]. Elsevier Amsterdam, The Netherlands 384 pp.

Notes: Feeding, digestion, excretion, respiration, haemolymph, endocrine system, pigments, chemical composition, lipid composition and non-waxy component are discussed in this section. Species discussed include Aonidiella aurantii, Aspidiotus destructor, Chionaspis americana, C. pinifoliae, C. salicis, Chrysomphalus aonidum, Lepidosaphes ulmi, Maskellia globosa, Poliaspis exocarpi, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona, Quadraspidiotus ostreaeformis, Q. perniciosus and Unaspis euonymi.