Asplanato, G., & García-Marí, F. 1998 Distribución del piojo rojo de California Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) (Homoptera: Diaspididae) en árboles de naranjo.[Distribution of California red scale Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) (Homoptera: Diaspididae) in orange trees.]. Boletín de Sanidad Vegetal, Plagas 24: 3, 637-646.

Notes: California Red Scale, A. aurantii, population density was studied in different parts of the tree canopy in a Navel orange [Citrus sinensis] orchard at Montevideo, Uruguay. Six trees were sampled in May 1997, and 4 strata were considered: wood, green branches, leaves and fruits. In each strata, the surface area was measured and A. aurantii population density and parasitism were estimated. The total surface area of a single tree was approximately 160 m2, leaves forming 75% of that area. Green branches formed 17% of the remaining surface, whereas wood and fruits formed only 6% and 3%, respectively. The greatest population density of A. aurantii per surface unit was found on fruits and leaves, followed by thin wood branches. The mean total number of live A. aurantii per tree was >400 000. Leaves harboured >85% of the A. aurantii population within a tree, fruits contained 9% and wood represented 2% of the total. Aphytis chrysomphali mainly parasitized Aonidiella aurantii located on fruits and leaves. The parasite Encarsia perniciosi was found in all strata, although preferentially on fruits and green branches. It was concluded that the main A. aurantii population reserve was found on the leaves. Lignified thin branches formed a secondary, and less abundant, population reserve.