Aono, M. 2009 Taxonomic study on Odonaspidini, with particular reference to sexual dimorphism in the second instar (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Diaspididae).. Insecta Matsumurana (New Series) 65: 1-92

Notes: Sexual dimorphism in the second-instal' nymphal stage is studied in 14 species of the Odonaspidini occurring in Asia. These species and another species from North America are divided into 4 types and an extra form based on the dimorphism. The second-instar males of Type r are 'homomorphic', agreeing with the conspecific female nymphs in having odonaspidine characters, whereas those of Type IV are 'heteromorphic' and exhibit the character pattern of the distinct tribe Parlatoriini; the males of the other types and the extra form show various mixtures of odonaspidine and parlatoriine characters. Not all of the species belonging to Type IV are closely related to each other so far as based on their adult females, so that the genomic potential for the parlatoriine phenotype is assumed to be universal among species of the Odonaspidini and its manifestation to be of atavistic nature. In the other species the manifestation of the parlatoriine phenotype is suppressed completely or incompletely. Thirteen new species found in the course of the present study and occurring in Malaysia, the Philippines, and Japan are described, and 6 species are newly recorded from Malaysia and the Philippines.