Almarinez, B.J., Amalin, D., Aviso, K.B., Tan, R.R., Cabezas, H., & Lao, A.R. 2023 Modelling network effects of biological control: the case of the Philippine coconut scale insect outbreak. BioControl doi.org/10.1007/s10526-023-10188-4
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Notes: We retrospectively analyze the case of massive scale insect infestation of coconut plantations that occurred in the Philippines in the previous decade. Simulations with the model indicate the efficacy of biological control to suppress the infestation, particularly for serious outbreaks. On the other hand, use of a neonicotinoid poses undue collateral risks to the system because of its lethal effect on pollinators and on the biological control agents. Both of these results are corroborated by the actual field experience.
