Valid Names Results
Xylococculus macrocarpae (Coleman, 1908) (Xylococcidae: Xylococculus)Nomenclatural History
- Xylococcus macrocarpae Coleman 1908: 198. Type data: USA: California, on Cupressus macrocarpa.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; accepted valid name Illustr.
- Xylococculus macrocarpae (Coleman, 1908); Morrison 1928: 45. change of combination
Common Names
- incense cedar scale Gill1993
- Escama del cedro de incienso KondoGi2022
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 3 | Genera: 8
- Cupressaceae
- Calocedrus decurrens | Ferris1919a Foldi1997a | (= Libocedrus decurrens)
- Cupressus macrocarpa | Colema1908 Foldi1997a
- Cupressus sargentii | Gill1993
- Juniperus scopulorum | Foldi1997a Gill1993
- Fagaceae
- Notholithocarpus densiflorus | Foldi1997a | (= Lithocarpus densiflorus)
- Quercus kelloggii | Foldi1997a
- Pinaceae
- Abies concolor | Foldi1997a
- Pinus lambertiana | Foldi1997a
- Pinus ponderosa | Foldi1997a
- Pseudotsuga menziesii | Foldi1997a
Foes:
Families: 3 | Genera: 3
- Encyrtidae
- Deilio xylococculi | BeardsGo1988 Noyes2004 TaitDaGi1990
- Pteromalidae
- Mesopolobus | Noyes2004
- Trogossitidae
- Eronyxa expansus | TaitDaGi1990
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 1
- United States
- California | Colema1908 Ferris1919a Gill1993
- Utah | Gill1993
Keys
Remarks
- Systematics: In California, the cypress bark mealybug Ehrhornia cupressi (Ehrhorn) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) resembles preadult females of X. macrocarpae, but is more often found on cypress in urban areas. The other 2 species of Xylococculus, and species of Matsucoccus, are similar in shape but have different hosts: X. betulae (Pergande) is found on Acer, Alnus, Betula, Fagus and Salix; X. quercus (Ehrhorn) occurs on Castanea and Quercus; and Matsucoccus spp. feed on Pinus. (T. Kondo & R.J. Gill in Kondo & Watson, 2022) spp.
- Structure: Colour photograph of adult female, male and cysts given by Gill (1993). Preadult female about 4.0 mm long, dark red with chitinized posterior areas brown, surrounded by abundant white wax. Adult female mealybug-like, body up to 7.0 mm long, dorsum bare, without mealy wax, brownish with paler appendages, gravid females on foliage often with dark brown lines laterally. (T. Kondo & R.J. Gill in Kondo & Watson, 2022)
- Biology: Develops one annual generation in USA, California; adult females most commonly collected in April-May (Gill, 1993).
- Economic Importance: Heavy infestation weakens the trees and results in their unsightly appearance, with young trees being especially susceptible. Feeding immature stages expel honeydew through long waxy hollow filaments that are commonly seen protruding from the bark. Heavily infested trees are usually covered by black sooty mold that gives a scorched appearance to the branches and trunk. In severe attacks, dieback of young trees may occur. On the other hand, X. macrocarpae is an important winter food for insectivorous birds, which are often seen searching along the branches and tree trunk, flaking off the bark to eat the scale nymphs found beneath. (T. Kondo & R.J. Gill in Kondo & Watson, 2022)
- General Remarks: Description and illustration of the adult female, adult male and nymphs given by Coleman (1908), Florence (1917) and by Gill (1993).
Illustrations
Citations
- BeardsGo1988: biological control, distribution, host, 161-168
- BenDov2005a: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 291
- Colema1908: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 198
- Ferris1919a: distribution, host, 13
- Floren1917: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 152-155
- Foldi1997a: host, taxonomy, 193
- Foldi2001a: taxonomy, 218
- Gavril2018: biology, reproduction, 108
- Gill1993: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 50,68-73
- GullanCo2007: taxonomy, 413-425
- KondoGi2022: biology, control, diagnosis, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, 79-80
- KondoGu2022: economic importance, illustration, 2,5
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 26
- Morris1928: taxonomy, 45,224
- Noyes2004: biological control,
- SchmutKlLu1957: distribution, economic importance, host, 419
- TaitDaGi1990: biological control, distribution, host, life history, 1-19
- Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 252
- WolffWiLi2015: economic importance, honeydew, 1
