Valid Names Results
Xylococculus betulae (Pergande, 1898) (Xylococcidae: Xylococculus)Nomenclatural History
- Xylococcus betulae Pergande 1898: 19. Type data: U.S.A.: Michigan, Lake Superior, on birch [=Betula].. Syntypes, female, male, and first instar, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; accepted valid name Illustr.
- Xylococcus alni Florence 1917: 148. Type data: U.S.A.: Washington State, Wenatchee, on alder [=Alnus sp.], collected by E.J. Newcomer.. Syntypes, female, male, and first instar, Type depository: Davis: The Bohart Museum of Entomology, University of California, California, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Ferris1919b, 110). Illustr.
- Xylococculus betulae (Pergande, 1898); Morrison 1927: 101. change of combination
- Xylococculus alni (Florence, 1917); Morrison 1928: 222. change of combination
- Parakuwania betulae (Pergande, 1898); Borchsenius 1960: 144. change of combination
Common Names
- Birch Margarodid Koszta1996
- birch margarodid Gill1993 Koszta1996
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 4 | Genera: 5
- Betulaceae
- Alnus | Floren1917 Koszta1996
- Betula | HubbarPe1898
- Betula alleghaniensis | Foldi1997a Koszta1996 | (= Betula lutea)
- Betula occidentalis | Foldi1997a
- Betula pendula | Foldi1997a
- Betula pubescens | Foldi1997a Koszta1996 | (= Betula alba)
- Fagaceae
- Fagus | Koszta1996
- Salicaceae
- Salix | Koszta1996
- Sapindaceae
- Acer | Koszta1996
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 2
- Canada
- New Brunswick | Koszta1996
- Nova Scotia | Koszta1996
- Prince Edward Island | Koszta1996
- United States
- California | Gill1993
- Maine | Koszta1996
- Michigan | Koszta1996
- New Hampshire | Koszta1996
- New York | Koszta1996
- Ohio | Koszta1996
- Oregon | SchuhMo1948
- Virginia | Koszta1996
- Washington | Floren1917
- West Virginia | Koszta1996
- Wisconsin | Koszta1996
Keys
- HodgsoFo2006: pp.107 ( Adult (M) ) [males of Xylococcidae]
Remarks
- Biology: Adult female found in the exuviae of the previous instar, which protects the eggs. Found under the bark, with long white, anal tube filaments extending out from under the bark (Kosztarab, 1996).
- Economic Importance: May kill young birch trees, but in older trees cause large welts and cracked areas in the bark. The injury on beech bark provides wounds for Nectria infestations (Kosztarab, 1996).
- General Remarks: Description and illustration of adult female by Hubbard & Pergande (1898), Ferris (1919b), Morrison (1928), Gill (1993) and by Kosztarab (1996). Description and illustration of adult female, adult male and nymphs by Florence (1917). Description and illustration of adult male by Hodgson & Folsi (2006).
Illustrations
Citations
- BenDov2005a: catalog, distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 290-291
- Borchs1960: taxonomy, 144
- BugajNJuKa2021: distribution, host, list, 315
- Cocker1902q: distribution, taxonomy, 259
- Fernal1903b: 32
- Ferris1919b: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 110
- Floren1917: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 147-162
- Foldi1997a: host, life history, taxonomy, 193
- Foldi2001a: taxonomy, 218
- Gill1993: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 49,67
- GullanCo2007: taxonomy, 413-425
- HodgsoFo2006: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 101-107
- HodgsoHa2013: phylogeny, taxonomy, 796
- HodgsoHa2013: phylogeny, taxonomy, 799
- HubbarPe1898: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 13-29
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 26
- Morris1927: taxonomy, 101
- Morris1928: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 44-48,222
- SchuhMo1948: diagnosis, distribution, economic importance, host, 35
- Shigo1962: distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 1-13
- Shigo1964: economic importance, 263
- Shigo1972: economic importance, 286
- VeaGr2015: phylogeny, 62
- VeaGr2016: evolution, 4
- Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 252
