Valid Names Results
Lepidosaphes camelliae Hoke, 1921 (Diaspididae: Lepidosaphes)Nomenclatural History
- Lepidosaphes camelliae Hoke 1921: 339-340. Type data: UNITED STATES: Mississippi, Big Point, on Camellia joponica, 29/06/1917, by R.L. Eberhard; 25/06/1918, by J.C. Roberts; Laurel Hill, 19/10/1918, by J.S. McGhee; Magnolia, 01/09/1920, by W.M. Lampton; Moss Point, 27/12/1918, by G.B. Bowen. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Mississippi State (Starkeville): Mississippi Entomological Museum, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, USA.; accepted valid name Notes: Additional syntypes from South Pascagoula, ?/01/1921, by R.P. Barnhart & E.K. Bynum; Woodville, ?/?/1920, by J.C. Hamilton Illustr.
- Mytilococcus camelliae (Hoke, 1921); Lindinger 1958: 369. change of combination
- Insulaspis camelliae (Hoke, 1921); Borchsenius 1963: 1172. change of combination
- Lepidosaphes camelliae Hoke, 1921; Takagi (after Balachowsky 1854) 1970: 28. revived combination (previously published) Notes: Lindinger thought that Amerling's genus, Mytilococcus was valid and Borchsenius divided Lepidosaphes into 10 smaller groups including Insulaspis. However, Balachowsky (1954e) had previously designated Insulaspis a junior synonym of Lepidosaphes creating the combination Lepidosaphes camelliae. (See Lepidosaphes Systematics)
Common Names
- camellia parlatoria scale Koszta1996
- camellia scale Hewitt1943
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 9 | Genera: 10
- Aquifoliaceae
- Ilex cornuta | BesheaTiHo1973
- Ilex opaca | PowellZeMi2024
- Cupressaceae
- Cupressus | DanzigPe1998
- Euphorbiaceae
- Codiaeum | Suh2016
- Magnoliaceae
- Magnolia | DanzigPe1998 MillerDa2005
- Oleaceae
- Ligustrum | DanzigPe1998 MillerDa2005
- Pentaphylacaceae
- Cleyera | DanzigPe1998 MillerDa2005
- Ternstroemia | Merril1953 MillerDa2005
- Ternstroemia gymnanthera | PowellZeMi2024
- Rosaceae
- Rhaphiolepis | Merril1953 MillerDa2005
- Theaceae
- Camellia | Borchs1966 McDani1972a MillerDa2005 | (= Thea)
- Camellia japonica | Hoke1921
- Camellia oleifera | BesheaTiHo1973 Tao1999 | (= Camellia sasanqua)
- Vitaceae
- Parthenocissus | Suh2016
Foes:
Families: 1 | Genera: 1
- Aphelinidae
- Pteroptrix lauri | Koszta1996
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 7
- Australia | SchutzGoGu2026
- China | MillerDa2005
- Fujian (=Fukien) | Hua2000
- Guangdong (=Kwangtung) | Tao1999
- Guangxi (=Kwangsi) | Hua2000
- Hunan | Tao1999
- Cuba | Merril1953
- Japan | Clause1931 MillerDa2005
- Honshu | Muraka1970
- Kyushu | Muraka1970
- Mexico | Koszta1996 MillerDa2005
- Sri Lanka | Suh2016
- United States
- Alabama | MerrilCh1923 MillerDa2005
- Arkansas | MillerDa2005
- California | Hewitt1943 MillerDa2005
- Connecticut | Koszta1996 MillerDa2005
- Delaware | Koszta1996 MillerDa2005
- District of Columbia | Koszta1996
- Florida | Merril1953 MillerDa2005
- Georgia | MerrilCh1923 MillerDa2005
- Louisiana | MillerDa2005
- Maryland | Koszta1996 MillerDa2005
- Massachusetts | Koszta1996 MillerDa2005
- Mississippi | Hoke1921 MillerDa2005
- Missouri | MillerDa2005
- New York | Koszta1996 MillerDa2005
- North Carolina | MillerDa2005
- Oklahoma | MillerDa2005
- Oregon | MillerDa2005 SchuhMo1948
- Pennsylvania | MillerDa2005 Trimbl1928
- South Carolina | MerrilCh1923 MillerDa2005
- Texas | McDani1972a MillerDa2005
- Virginia | Koszta1996 MillerDa2005
Keys
- PowellZeMi2024: pp.21 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to slide-mounted Lepidosaphes]
- SuhJi2009: pp.1041-1043 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of armored scales intercepted on imported plants (slide mounted females)]
- MillerDa2005: pp.29-32 ( Adult (F) ) [Field Key to Economic Armored Scales]
- Gill1997: pp.169 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to California species of Lepidosaphes]
- Koszta1996: pp.518 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Northeastern North American Lepidosaphes]
- Chou1982: pp.156 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to Chinese species of Lepidosaphes]
- Paik1978: pp.336 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Lepidosaphes]
- McDani1972a: pp.323 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to the Texas species of the genus Lepidosaphes]
- Takagi1960: pp.92 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Lepidosaphes]
- Takaha1955e: pp.70 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Lepidosaphes]
- Ferris1942: pp.SIV-446:56 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Lepidosaphes]
- Kuwana1925a: pp.5 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Lepidosaphes]
Remarks
- Systematics: Lepidosaphes camelliae is close to L. euryae, but differs from it in having the plates of the 3rd incisura well developed, never smaller than the other plates and usually much longer and larger (Hoke, 1921). Ferris (1937) states that this species has probably been often misidentified as L. newsteadi.
- Structure: Female scale pale brown, broadest at posterior end, straight or curved, usually straight when not crowded; ventral scale white, median portion usually adhering to host plant. Male scale similar to female, but smaller and darker, sides more nearly parallel; exuviae and posterior hinged portion each occupying one fourth of total length of scale. Adult female twice as long as broad, broadest through pre-abdominal segments; gland tubercle numerous along lateral portion of pre-abdominal segments and along lateral margin of metathorax and caudal portion of lateral margin of mesothorax, extending mesad from margin as far as metaspinacles (Hoke, 1921).
- Biology: L. camelliae has 4 to 5 annual generations (Gill, 1997). In Georgia, Cooper and Oetting (1989) studied the life history of the camellia scale and estimated that there were 4 or 5 overlapping generations. At 25 C, development from egg hatching to the adult on Camellia japonica was about 29 days for males and 23 days for females. Females reared at this temperature laid about 96 eggs which hatched in about 10 days. In Alabama, English and Turnipseed (1940) found that females deposit 25-55 eggs which hatched in 11-24 days. The first molt occurred 12-27 days after hatching, and the second molt occurred 6-10 days later. Eggs were deposited 38-54 days after the eggs of the previous generation hatch. The life cycle was completed in 60 to 70 days. English and Turnipseed (1940) found the camellia scale to be less active than the tea scale on camellia in the winter. Few crawlers appeared from October to March on plants grown outdoors, but hatching continued in cold frames. Because of overlapping generations, all stages of the scale were present in the summer months. (Miller & Davidson, 2005).
- Economic Importance: Miller & Davidson (1990) list this insect as a pest. Dekle (1977) states the camellia scale is occasionally a serious pest on camellia and holly in central and northern Florida. English and Turnipseed (1940) report that this pest may severely damage young plants and cuttings in nurseries. Even though it does not discolor leaves in heavy infestations, the foliage is devitalized and leaves drop prematurely. Cooper and Oetting (1989) consider it to be a pest in Georgia. Miller and Davidson (1990) consider this species to be a serious pest in a small area of the world. (Miller & Davidson, 2005).
- General Remarks: Description and illustration of first and second instars of both sexes by Liu et al. (1989). Once widespread in California nurseries but reported as eradicated by Gill (1997) and Miller and Davidson (2005),
Illustrations
Citations
- Arnett1985: economic importance, 242
- Balach1954e: distribution, taxonomy, 84
- BesheaTi1977: distribution, host, 181
- BesheaTiHo1973: distribution, host, 11
- Blicke1965: taxonomy, 290, 310
- Borchs1963: taxonomy, 1172
- Borchs1966: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 61
- Chou1982: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 156, 176-177
- Chou1986: illustration, 572
- Clause1931: distribution, host, 77
- Creigh1942: distribution, 228
- DanzigPe1998: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 282
- Davids1974: chemical control, 3
- DeitzTo1980: 44
- Dekle1965c: distribution, host, taxonomy, 12, 78
- Ferris1937: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, SI-72
- Ferris1938a: taxonomy, SII-146
- Ferris1942: taxonomy, SIV-446:56
- Fleury1935a: distribution, host, 24
- Fleury1938: distribution, host, 21
- Gill1997: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 169, 171, 178
- Hewitt1943: taxonomy, 267
- Hoke1921: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 339
- Hsu1935: distribution, 579
- HuHeWa1992: distribution, illustration, 196
- Hua2000: distribution, host, taxonomy, 153
- Hunt1939: distribution, 556
- Kawai1972: distribution, host, 32
- Kawai1977: distribution, 156
- Kawai1980: distribution, taxonomy, 242
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 17
- Koszta1996: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, taxonomy, 518-519
- KozarWa1985: catalog, distribution, 84
- Kuwana1925a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 5, 7-9
- Lindin1958: taxonomy, 369
- LiuCoOe1989: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 9-13
- Matile1978: taxonomy, 55
- McComb1986: distribution, host, 61
- McCombDa1969: taxonomy, 2
- McDani1972a: distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 324-325
- McKenz1956: distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 33, 119
- Merril1953: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 54-55
- MerrilCh1923: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 241-242
- Miller2005: distribution, 487
- MillerDa1990: economic importance, taxonomy, 302
- MillerDa2005: description, distribution, economic importance, host, 248
- Muraka1970: distribution, host, 81
- Nakaha1982: distribution, host, 47
- Newell1927: distribution, host, 64
- Paik1978: distribution, host, taxonomy, 336
- PooleGe1997: distribution, 349
- PowellZeMi2024: diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, key, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21
- Schief2000: distribution, host, taxonomy, 6-7
- SchuhMo1948: chemical control, distribution, host, 49
- SchutzGoGu2026: distribution, 5
- Suh2016: distribution, host, key, 319, 328
- SuhJi2009: distribution, illustration, taxonomy, 1039-1054
- SwanPa1972: distribution, economic importance, taxonomy, 164
- Takagi1960: distribution, host, taxonomy, 79, 92
- Takaha1939b: taxonomy, 268
- Takaha1955e: distribution, host, taxonomy, 70, 71
- Tang1977: distribution, illustration, taxonomy, 216
- Tang1984b: distribution, host, 131
- Tao1999: distribution, host, 92
- Trimbl1928: distribution, host, 47
- VonEll2025: distribution, 38
- WaltmaRaWi2016: distribution, 231
- Wang1980: distribution, illustration, taxonomy, 181
- Wang1982c: distribution, host, taxonomy, 49, 51, 52
- Westco1973: description, economic importance, 393
- Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 219
- Yang1982: taxonomy, 220
