Valid Names Results
Kuwania Cockerell in Fernald, 1903 (Kuwaniidae)Nomenclatural History
- Sasakia Kuwana 1902: 47. Type species: Sasakia quercus Kuwana by monotypy . junior homonym (discovered by Fernal1903b: 32) Notes: Homonym of Sasakia Moore 1896 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
- Kuwania Cockerell in Fernald 1903b: 32. . replacement name
- Kuwaia Kuwana 1917a: 165;. . misspelling of genus name
- Kuwaneia Lindinger 1937: 187;. . misspelling of genus name
- Kuwanaia Lindinger 1957: 549;. . misspelling of genus name
Remarks
- Systematics: Adult female of this genus is characterized in: absence of mouth parts; legs and antennae well-developed; tarsal claw without digitules; distal end of tibia with numerous digitule-like hairs.
Hodgson & Foldi (2006) described 23 species of adult males for Margarodidae (sensu stricto) and related taxa. According to their key, Kuwania bipora belongs to family Kuwaniidae and is close to species of Neosteingelia. A phylogenetic analysis based on the morphology of adult females and males, together with molecular data, placed Kuwania as the sister group of Neosteingelia (Vea & Grimaldi 2016). Gavrilov-Zimin, 2018, resurrected the tribe Kuwaniini within the family Margarodidae to place the genus Kuwania in relation to other genera that he felt belonged in a subfamily of Xylococcinae (Jansenus, Kuwania, Neogreenia, and Neosteingelia)
In 2022, Zheng & Wu determined that based on the morphology of the adult male, Kuwania is close to Neosteingelia because they share the following characteristics: (i) body and legs with few setae; (ii) loculate pores absent; (iii) fore wing with cubital vein faint; and (iv) a group of circular sensoria present near the wing base. However, Kuwania differs from Neosteingelia by having (characteristics of Neosteingelia in parentheses): (i) a claw with capitate digitules that reach beyond the claw (claw digitules setose and not attaining tip of claw); (ii) anterior sclerotized part of fore wing narrower toward the wing tip (anterior sclerotized part of fore wing truncated before the tip of wing); and (iii) and radial sector present (radial sector absent). Also based on adult male morphology, the family Kuwaniidae is close to Xylococcidae in having (characteristics of Xylococcidae in parentheses): (i) cubital ridge weak (well developed); and (ii) with a group of circular sensoria near the base of the subcostal ridge. However, it differs from Xylococcidae by lacking: (i) endophalus (present); (ii) loculate pores on membranous parts of the body (present); (iii) a pronotal ridge (present); (iv) alar setae near base of wing (alar setae present near base of wing); and by having (v) the anterior part of fore wing reddish in life (grayish). (Zheng & Wu, 2022)
- Structure: Body elongate, somewhat broadened toward posterior end, about 1.4-6.0 mm long, red in life. Derm membranous; mouthparts absent. Antennae, placed together on apex of head but not contiguous; usually with 9 segments, basal 2 segments much enlarged, apical segment ovoid, with a group of setae at apex, intermediate segments broader at apex than at base. Legs of moderate size relative to body; trochanter with 4-6 campaniform sensilla on each face; tibia with a tuft of clubbed setae at apex; tarsus 1 segmented and curved; claw with one denticle and 2 acute digitules. Thoracic spiracles without disc pores in atrium; abdominal spiracles smaller, with 4–6 pairs present (0 in K. oligostigma), each usually with a single disc pore within atrium. Anal lobe indistinct or absent; anal ring simple, subapical on dorsum. Multilocular disc pores distributed on both surfaces, of one or 2 types, each pore with one central loculus and 5-10 outer loculi; discoidal pores sometimes present on abdominal venter. (Wu, et al., 2013
- General Remarks: Definition and characters by Kuwana (1902), Morrison (1928), Borchsenius (1950b), Danzig (1980b) and by Wu, et al., in 2013.
Keys
- ZhengWu2022: pp.477 ( Adult (M) ) [genera related to Kuwania]
- WuNa2012: pp.47 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to genera of Kuwaniidae based on adult female]
- TangHa1995: pp.76 ( Adult (F) ) [Margarodidae]
- Gill1993: pp.35 ( Adult (F) ) [USA, California]
- Danzig1980b: pp.86 ( Adult (F) ) [Genera of Far East Russia ]
- Borchs1960e: pp.914 ( Adult (F) ) [Species of China]
- Borchs1950b: pp.32 ( Adult (F) ) [Genera of USSR]
- Morris1928: pp.64 ( Immature (F) ) [Margarodidae]
Associated References
- BenDov2005a: catalog, taxonomy, pp. 53-54
- Borchs1950b: taxonomy, pp. 32, 35
- Borchs1960e: taxonomy, pp. 914
- Cocker1902q: taxonomy, pp. 258-259
- Danzig1980b: description, taxonomy, pp. 86,96-97
- Fernal1903b: taxonomy, pp. 32
- Foldi1997a: taxonomy, pp. 192
- Foldi1998: catalog, pp. 426
- Foldi2001a: taxonomy, pp. 204
- Gavril2018: cytogenetics, diagnosis, illustration, morphology, taxonomy, pp. 113-118
- Gill1993: taxonomy, pp. 35,38
- Green1922: description, taxonomy, pp. 425
- GullanCo2007: taxonomy, pp. 413-425
- Kawai1980: description, taxonomy, pp. 89
- Koteja2000: taxonomy, pp. 166
- Kuwana1902: description, taxonomy, pp. 47-48
- Kuwana1917a: taxonomy, pp. 165
- Lindin1943b: taxonomy, pp. 221
- Lindin1957: taxonomy, pp. 549
- MacGil1921: description, taxonomy, pp. 78-79
- Morris1928: description, taxonomy, pp. 64-67,220
- MorrisMo1966: taxonomy, pp. 100, 179
- TangHa1995: description, taxonomy, pp. 76-77
- Tao1999: taxonomy, pp. 4
- WuHuDo2017: history, taxonomy, pp. 548
- WuNaGu2013: description, distribution, host, illustration, molecular data, structure, taxonomy, pp. 291-294
- Yang1982: taxonomy, pp. 19, 27-28
- ZhengWu2022: key, taxonomy, pp. 470
