Valid Names Results
Hemilecanium imbricans (Green, 1903) (Coccidae: Hemilecanium)Nomenclatural History
- Lecanium imbricans Green 1903a: 94. Type data: INDIA: Nilgiris, on Ficus mysorensis.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; accepted valid name
- Hemilecanium imbricans (Green, 1903); Newstead 1908b: 39. change of combination
Common Names
- Powdery giant soft scale KondoJo2022
- Escama blanda gigante pulverulenta KondoJo2022
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 13 | Genera: 16
- Anacardiaceae
- Mangifera indica | KondoJo2022
- Bignoniaceae
- Stereospermum tetragonum | KondoJo2022 | (= Stereospermum personatum)
- Elaeagnaceae
- Elaeagnus conferta | KondoJo2022
- Euphorbiaceae
- Euphorbia | Hall1932 | (= Poinsettia)
- Jatropha | Hodgso1969b
- Jatropha multifida | Ali1971 Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989
- Fabaceae
- Acrocarpus fraxinifolius | KondoJo2022
- Tamarindus indica | ShafeeYoKh1989
- Fagaceae
- Quercus | Hodgso1969b
- Lythraceae
- Lagerstroemia speciosa | KondoJo2022
- Malvaceae
- Pterygota alata | KondoJo2022 | (= Sterculia alata)
- Meliaceae
- Swietenia macrophylla | RemadeRa2002
- Toona ciliata | Ali1971 Hall1932 Hodgso1969b Newste1917b ShafeeYoKh1989 | (= Cedrela toona)
- Moraceae
- Ficus | Ali1971 Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930
- Ficus drupacea | Ali1971 Green1903a Hodgso1969b Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989 | (= Ficus mysorensis)
- Ficus lacor | Ali1971 ShafeeYoKh1989 | (= Ficus infectoria)
- Ficus minahassae | Ali1971 ShafeeYoKh1989 | (= Ficus glomerata)
- Ficus racemosa | Varshn1992
- Phyllanthaceae
- Phyllanthus | KondoJo2022
- Rubiaceae
- Coffea | Green1903a
- Simaroubaceae
- Ailanthus excelsa | Ali1971 Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989
Foes:
Families: 3 | Genera: 3
- Chrysopidae
- Mallada desjardinsi | KondoJo2022
- Coccinellidae
- Chilocorus nigritus | KondoJo2022
- Pteromalidae
- Cephaleta | KondoJo2022
Associates:
Families: 1 | Genera: 1
- Formicidae
- Oecophylla smaragdina | KondoJo2022
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 2
- Ethiopia | DeLott1959
- India | Ali1971 Green1903a Hodgso1969b Newste1917b Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930 | ShafeeYoKh1989
- Karnataka | Ali1971 PrakasPa2015
- Maharashtra | KondoJo2022
- Tamil Nadu | Ali1971
Keys
- JoshiKo2020: pp.427 ( Adult (F) ) [species of Hemilecanium in the Oriental Region]
- KondoHo2013: pp.509-511 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to adult females of Hemilecanium Newstead]
- KondoHo2013: pp.512 ( First instar ) [Key to known first-instars of Hemilecanium Newstead]
- KondoHa2008: pp.195-197 ( Adult (F) ) [Species of Hemilecanium]
- KondoWi2005: pp.29-30 ( ) [Species of Hemilecanium]
Remarks
- Systematics: The adult female of H. imbricans can be separated from congeners by the following: (i) dorsum with 2 pairs of cribriform plates; (ii) dorsal tubercles, each without satellite ducts on margins and submargins only, totalling 41–66 around body; (iii) preopercular pores numerous (totalling over 110) in a single broad area anterior to anal plates; (iv) stigmatic spines not differentiated from marginal setae; (v) marginal setae conical, sharply spinose, totalling 70–110 on each side between anterior and posterior stigmatic clefts; (vi) ventral tubular ducts in a broad submarginal band; (vii) multilocular pores, mostly each with 10 loculi, abundant around perivulvar region, on all preceding abdominal and thoracic segments, and in a group near antennal base; (viii) antennae each 8-segmented; (ix) dorsal tubular ducts absent; and (x) dorsum with 2 large areas of sclerotization, on mid-dorsum just anterior to anal plates and around anal plates. (Kondo & Joshi, 2022)
- Structure: Adult female subcircular, slightly convex, sometimes somewhat asymmetrical when developing in a crowded colony. Body dark brown, with a pattern formed with white powdery irregular patches on dorsum; patches larger and irregular in shape in medial areas, smaller and more regular in submarginal areas. Margin with thick wax filaments, which break off as female grows. With age, dorsum becoming densely chitinous. (Kondo & Joshi, 2022)
- Biology: Hemilecanium imbricans reproduces sexually. Low levels of infestation are observed during October– December; numbers gradually increase and peak at the end of April–May. The mixture of developmental stages found together indicates multiple overlapping generations per year. (Kondo & Joshi, 2022)
- Economic Importance: The species has the potential to become a serious pest, particularly on mango. (Kondo & Joshi, 2022)
- General Remarks: Good description and illustration of the adult female given by Hodgson (1969b).
Illustrations
Citations
- Ali1971: distribution, host, 33
- BenDov1993: catalog, 144-145
- DeLott1959: distribution, taxonomy, 152
- Green1903a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 94
- Hall1932: distribution, host, 195
- Hodgso1969b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 322-324
- Kondo2013: distribution, host, 46
- KondoHa2008: taxonomy, 192-197
- KondoHo2013: economic importance, taxonomy, 508,512
- KondoHo2013: taxonomy, 510
- KondoJo2022: ant association, control, diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, natural enemies, symbionts, taxonomy, 271-272
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 11
- KondoWi2005: taxonomy, 25-37
- Newste1908b: taxonomy, 39
- Newste1917b: distribution, host, 130
- PrakasPa2015: distribution,
- Ramakr1919: distribution, host, 625-626
- Ramakr1919a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 38-39
- Ramakr1921a: catalog, distribution, host, 351
- Ramakr1930: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 50-51
- RemadeRa2002: distribution, host, 359-360
- ShafeeYoKh1989: distribution, host, 52
- Strick1947a: distribution, host, 499
- TavareLiGo2018: host, 324
- UsmanPu1955: distribution, host, 50
- Varshn1992: distribution, host, taxonomy, 91
- Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 210