Valid Names Results

Ductofrontaspis is now Lepidosaphes Shimer, 1868 (Diaspididae)

Nomenclatural History

• Mytilicoccus Schlectendal 1858: 408;. . misspelling of genus name
• Mytilococcus Amerling 1858a: 101. Type species: Mytilococcus communis Amerling by monotypy and original designation . (= Lepidosaphes ulmi, Linnaeus ) nomen nudum (discovered by Balach1954e: 28-30) Notes: Lindinger (1936) insisted that the generic name Mytilococcus Amerling, 1858, had precedence over Lepidosaphes Shimer, 1868. Morrison & Morrison (1966) questioned this substitution because the name was never spelled consistently (Amerling lists it as Mytillicoccus, Mytilococcus and as Mytilicoccus), there was no generic description to associate with the name and no specific descriptions associated with any of the forms named in association with Mytilococcus. Most current coccid workers (Balachowsky, Borchsenius, Ferris, Hall, Schmutterer, Takahashi) have used Lepidosaphes as the senior name.
• Lepidosaphes Shimer 1868: 373. Type species: Lepidosaphes conchiformis Shimer by monotypy . accepted valid name
• Mytilaspis Targioni Tozzetti 1868: 737. Type species: Mytilaspis linearis Targioni Tozzetti by subsequent designation Lindin1936:149 . junior synonym (discovered by Fernal1903b: 304) Notes: Signoret suggested that the name Mytilaspis Targioni Tozzetti was older than Lepidosaphes Shimer, which was published in January 1868. Morrison & Morrison (1966) found no evidence to support this allegation and they concluded that Lepidosaphes has priority over Mytilaspis. Over the years, many coccid workers have incorrectly listed Signoret as the author of Mytilaspis.
• Mytalaspis Cooke 1881: 37;. . misspelling of genus name
• Mytilapsis Cockerell 1897g: 108;. . misspelling of genus name
• Phaulomytilus Fernald 1903b: 304;. . incorrect synonymy (discovered by MorrisMo1922: 96)
• Mytilepiss Kuwana 1917: 18;. . misspelling of genus name
• Cornuaspis MacGillivray 1921: 274. Type species: Mytilaspis ocellata Green by original designation . junior synonym (discovered by Balach1954e: 28)
• Scobinaspis MacGillivray 1921: 274. Type species: Mytilaspis serrifrons Leonardi by monotypy and original designation . junior synonym Notes: Ferris (1937) made Scobinaspis dentata the type species of Velataspis and stated that it was not particularly related to S. serrifrons, but Balachowsky (1954e) moved S. serrifrons to Velataspis also. This action would make Scobinaspis the senior synonym of Velataspis, but this synonymy was not supported by other authors. Danzig (1993) however, considers Scobinaspis as a junior synonym of Lepidosaphes and does not treat Velataspis.
• Ungulaspis MacGillivray 1921: 274. Type species: Lepidosaphes ungulata Green by monotypy and original designation . junior synonym (discovered by NormarOkMo2019: 60)
• Cephalaspis MacGillivray 1921: 274. Type species: Mytilaspis cocculi Green by monotypy and original designation . synonym and homonym (discovered by Takaha1939: 265)
• Insulaspis Mamet 1950: 32. Type species: Lepidosaphes vermiculus Mamet by original designation . junior synonym (discovered by Balach1954e: 28)
• Lipidosaphes Borchsenius 1958a: 168;. . misspelling of genus name
• Paralepidosaphes Borchsenius 1962b: 863. Type species: Paralepidosaphes coreana Borchsenius by original designation . junior synonym (discovered by Takagi1970: 1)
• Cornimytilus Borchsenius 1963: 1165. Type species: Lepidosaphes afganensis Borchsenius . junior synonym (discovered by Takagi1970: 1)
• Eucornuaspis Borchsenius 1963: 1168. Type species: Mytilaspis machili Maskell . junior synonym (discovered by Takagi1970: 1)
• Metandaspis Williams 1963b: 28. Type species: Mytilaspis recurvata Froggatt by original designation . junior synonym (discovered by NormarOkMo2019: 60)
• Pinomytilus Borchsenius 1963: 1173. Type species: Lepidosaphes pseudotsugae Takahashi . junior synonym (discovered by Takagi1970: 1)
• Pistaciaspis Borchsenius 1963: 1165. Type species: Lepidosaphes pistaciae Archangelskaya . junior synonym (discovered by Takagi1970: 1)
• Parainsulaspis Borchsenius 1963: 1162-1163. Type species: Lepidosaphes laterochitinosa Green by original designation . replacement name that is a synonym (discovered by Takagi1970: 1) Notes: Borchsenius (1963) states that Parainsulaspis is a replacement name for Cephalaspis MacGillivray 1921 which is preoccupied by Cephalaspis Agassiz 1835 in Pisces. However, Borchsenius changed the type species from MacGillivray's choice of Mytilaspis cocculi Green 1896 to Lepidosaphes laterochitinosa Green 1925, which is not in accordance to Article 67.8 of the ICZN. See Russell (1970) for further information.
• Palaeomytilus Borchsenius 1978: 110. Type species: Palaeomytilus daphniphylli Borchsenius by original designation . junior synonym (discovered by Danzig1993: 244)
• Lepidosaphes (Insulaspis) Mamet, 1950; Danzig 1980b: 304. . change in status (level)
• Lepidosaphes (Paralepidosaphes) Borchsenius, 1962; Danzig 1980b: 303. . change in status (level)
• Lepidosaphes (Pinomytilus) Borchsenius, 1963; Danzig 1980b: 306. . change in status (level)
• Ductofrontaspis Young & Hu 1981: 212. Type species: Ductofrontaspis huangyangensis Young & Hu . junior synonym (discovered by NormarOkMo2019: 63)

Remarks

• Systematics: Subfamily DIASPIDINAE Tribe LEPIDOSAPHIDINI (Normark, et al., 2019) Borchsenius (1962b and 1963) divided Lepidosaphes into 10 smaller genera. We here agree with Takagi (1970) and Danzig & Pellizari (1998) that the genus should remain intact and the smaller genera are here considered junior synonyms. Normark, et al., (2019) redefined Lepidosaphes based on genetic analysis and designated Metandaspis a synonym. Prior to this change it was described as coming close to Andaspis, differing in lacking marginal macroducts which are replaced by minute ducts similar to the dorsal ducts. The shape of the median lobes appears to be variable, but the lateral margin is diagonal to the longitudinal axis of the body (Williams, 1963b). Normark, et al., 2019 determined that Lepidosaphes is now a monophyletic genus.
• Structure: Female body fusiform, usually with well developed lateral abdominal lobes, these with marginal gland spines, or gland tubercles further forward. Median lobes (L1) not yoked, separated, with 1 pair of gland spines in medial space, L2 bilobed, paraphyses if present short, L3 insignificant. The three burrowing species of Lepidosaphes differ from the non-burrowing species of the genus in having dentate or serrate trullae. Macroducts exhibit a tendency towards reduction in number, size, or shape. (Takagi, 2003) Dorsal ducts 2-barred, usually 6 pairs of marginal macroducts, ducts on submargin and submedian abdomen often numerous, with similar ducts also on submargins of anterior abdomen and thorax. Dorsal submarginal bosses often present. Lateral tubercles or spurs often present between some abdominal segments. Perivulvar pores present in 5 groups. (Henderson, 2011)

Keys

• DubeyKaJo2022: pp.514 ( Adult (F) ) [Diaspididae infesting Areca catechu in Karnataka]
• MoghadWa2021: pp.31-33 ( Adult (F) ) [Genera of Diaspididae in Iran]
• Hender2011: pp.44-45 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to Genera of Diaspididae in New Zealand]
• Koszta1996: pp.409 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to the genera of the subfamily Diaspidinae]
• WilliaBr1995: pp.185 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to genera of the subtribe Andaspidina] Key as: Metandaspis
• Danzig1988: pp.719 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to genera of Diaspididae]
• KosztaKo1988F: pp.326 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to genera of Diaspididae]
• Kozar1986: pp.177 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to Hungarian genera of Diaspididae]
• Chou1982: pp.152 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to Chinese genera of Lepidosaphinae]
• Wang1982c: pp.46 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to genera]
• Yang1982: pp.198, 199 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to genera of Lepidosaphedini] Key as: Cornuaspis, Eucornuaspis, Paralepidosaphes, Mytilaspis
• Chou1982: pp.152 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to Chinese genera of Lepidosaphinae] Key as: Ungulaspis
• Yang1982: pp.198 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to genera of Lepidosaphedini] Key as: Ungulaspis
• Danzig1980b: pp.719 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to genera of Diaspididae]
• Danzig1971d: pp.836 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to genera of Diaspididae]
• Balach1968a: pp.62 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to the 4 genera of the sub-tribe Andaspidina] Key as: Metandaspis
• Beards1966: pp.504 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to known tribes and genera of Micronesian Diaspidinae]
• Danzig1964: pp.644 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to genera of Diaspididae]
• Koszta1963: pp.55 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to the genera of the tribe Diaspidini in Ohio]
• Takagi1961a: pp.100 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to genera of Japanese Diaspidini]
• Mamet1959a: pp.381-382 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to genera of Madagascar]
• Ezzat1958: pp.243 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to the genera of Diaspidini]
• McKenz1956: pp.29 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to the genera of Tribe Diaspidini]
• Balach1954e: pp.26 ( Adult (F) ) [Tableau de détermination des genres de Lepidosaphedina de la région paléarctique]
• Borchs1950b: pp.163 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to genera of Diaspididae]
• Zimmer1948: pp.374 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to genera of Diaspidini recorded from Hawaii]
• GomezM1946: pp.61 ( Adult (F) ) [Diaspinos de España]
• Hall1946a: pp.545 ( Adult (F) ) [Key for the separation of the genera of Diaspidini recorded from the Ethiopian Region]
• Ferris1942: pp.45 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to genera in the tribe Diaspidini]
• Borchs1937: pp.98 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to genera of Diaspinae]
• GomezM1937: pp.44 ( Adult (F) ) [Clave para diferenciar los géneros españoles de la subfamilia Diaspinos]
• Borchs1936: pp.138 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Diaspinae]
• Kuwana1933a: pp.44 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to genera of Japanese Diaspinae]
• Fullaw1932: pp.98 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to genera of Diaspinae in Hawaii]
• Ramakr1930: pp.13 ( Adult (F) ) [Generic synopsis of the Diaspinae]
• Britto1923: pp.361 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to genera of subfamily Diaspinae]
• Hollin1923: pp.7 ( Adult (F) ) [Genera of Diaspinae]
• MacGil1921: pp.274 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to genera of Lepidosaphini] Key as: Cornuaspis, Cephalaspis
• MacGil1921: pp.274 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to genera of Lepidosaphini] Key as: Ungulaspis
• Leonar1920: pp.27 ( Adult (F) ) [Tavola sinottica dei generi di Diaspini]
• Lawson1917: pp.206 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to genera of Diaspinae]
• Robins1917: pp.17 ( Adult (F) ) [Synoptic table of Diaspinae genera]
• DietzMo1916a: pp.262 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to genera of Diaspidinae]
• Lindin1913: pp.65 ( Adult (F) ) [Gruppe Diaspides]
• Newste1901b: pp.80 ( Adult (F) ) [Synopsis of Diaspinae genera]
• Hempel1900a: pp.497 ( Adult (F) ) [Chave dos generos da sub-familia Diaspinae]
• Cocker1897r: pp.69 ( Adult (F) ) [Table of the Coccidae of Brazil]

Associated References

• Amerli1858a: taxonomy, pp. 101
• Archan1929: taxonomy, pp. 189
• Archan1937: description, distribution, taxonomy, pp. 68-69
• Ashmea1891: description, taxonomy, pp. 101
• Atkins1886: description, taxonomy, pp. 273
• Balach1954e: description, illustration, taxonomy, pp. 23, 26, 28-30
• Berles1896: taxonomy, pp. 80
• Bodenh1924: distribution, taxonomy, pp. 21
• Bodenh1949: description, distribution, taxonomy, pp. 28, 41-42
• Bodenh1952: taxonomy, pp. 332
• Borchs1937a: taxonomy, pp. 98
• Borchs1949d: description, taxonomy, pp. 191, 202-203
• Borchs1950b: description, distribution, taxonomy, pp. 163, 180
• Borchs1958a: description, distribution, taxonomy, pp. 168
• Borchs1959b: taxonomy, pp. 1821
• Borchs1962b: description, taxonomy, pp. 861, 863,870
• Borchs1963: description, distribution, taxonomy, pp. 1162, 1165, 1167, 11
• Borchs1966: catalog, taxonomy, pp. 32, 39, 42, 43, 52, 55, 67
• Borchs1978: taxonomy, pp. 110
• BorchsWi1963: taxonomy, pp. 364
• Brain1918: distribution, taxonomy, pp. 116
• Brain1920: description, distribution, taxonomy, pp. 105-106
• Britto1923: taxonomy, pp. 361, 378
• Bustsh1958: taxonomy, pp. 186
• Charmo1899: taxonomy, pp. 32
• Chou1982: distribution, taxonomy, pp. 152-156, 183
• Cocker1893d: description, taxonomy, pp. 8
• Cocker1897r: taxonomy, pp. 69
• Cocker1905b: taxonomy, pp. 200, 203
• Comsto1881a: description, pp. 320
• Comsto1883: description, pp. 54, 116
• Comsto1916: description, pp. 469, 515, 577
• Danzig1964: distribution, taxonomy, pp. 644, 648, 649, 647
• Danzig1971d: taxonomy, pp. 836
• Danzig1980b: description, taxonomy, pp. 299
• Danzig1988: distribution, taxonomy, pp. 719, 721-722
• Danzig1993: description, distribution, taxonomy, pp. 243-246
• DanzigPe1998: catalog, taxonomy, pp. 280-281, 369
• DietzMo1916a: description, distribution, taxonomy, pp. 262, 279
• Dougla1886: description, taxonomy, pp. 245
• Ezzat1958: distribution, taxonomy, pp. 243
• Fernal1903a: taxonomy, pp. 90
• Fernal1903b: structure, pp. 304
• Ferris1936a: illustration, taxonomy, pp. 20, 21, 22, 23, 25,
• Ferris1937: description, illustration, taxonomy, pp. SI-70, SI-78, SI-126
• Ferris1937a: taxonomy, pp. 3, 4, 6, 9, 30
• Ferris1938: illustration, taxonomy, pp. 37, 38, 45, 46
• Ferris1938a: taxonomy, pp. SII-149
• Ferris1942: taxonomy, pp. SIV-446: 45, 55
• FrankKr1900: taxonomy, pp. 40, 89
• Frogga1914: description, taxonomy, pp. 604-605
• Frogga1915: description, taxonomy, pp. 33
• Fullaw1932: distribution, taxonomy, pp. 98, 99
• Ghauri1962: taxonomy, pp. 9, 119, 212
• Gill1997: taxonomy, pp. 168
• Goethe1884: taxonomy, pp. 117
• GomezM1937: description, distribution, taxonomy, pp. 44, 162-163
• GomezM1946: taxonomy, pp. 61
• GomezM1956: description, distribution, taxonomy, pp. 72-73
• Gowdey1921: taxonomy, pp. 33
• GrandpCh1899: taxonomy, pp. 11
• Green1896e: description, taxonomy, pp. 37, 77
• Green1922: taxonomy, pp. 460
• Green1927: taxonomy, pp. 12, 3
• Green1928b: taxonomy, pp. 152
• Hall1946a: description, taxonomy, pp. 524, 545
• Hempel1900a: distribution, taxonomy, pp. 497
• Hempel1904: taxonomy, pp. 322
• Hender2011: description, distribution, structure, taxonomy, pp. 8,14,22,45,105
• Hollin1923: distribution, taxonomy, pp. 7, 68, 69
• HowardOl1985: description, pp. 58
• Korone1934: distribution, taxonomy, pp. 59
• Koszta1963: description, distribution, taxonomy, pp. 55, 82, 83
• Koszta1996: description, distribution, taxonomy, pp. 515-517
• KosztaKo1988F: description, distribution, taxonomy, pp. 346-347
• Kozar1986: distribution, taxonomy, pp. 178
• Kuwana1925a: description, pp. 2-3
• Kuwana1933a: taxonomy, pp. 44
• Lawson1917: taxonomy, pp. 206, 253
• Leonar1898: taxonomy, pp. 45-47
• Leonar1920: description, taxonomy, pp. 27, 149-150
• LinKoGu2013: molecular data, phylogeny, pp. 257
• Lindin1908b: taxonomy, pp. 97
• Lindin1913: taxonomy, pp. 65
• Lindin1913d: taxonomy, pp. 7
• Lindin1923: taxonomy, pp. 147
• Lindin1924: taxonomy, pp. 172
• Lindin1934: taxonomy, pp. 16
• Lindin1936: taxonomy, pp. 148-149
• Lindin1936a: taxonomy, pp. 444
• Lindin1937: taxonomy, pp. 182, 188, 190, 195, 197
• Lindin1958: taxonomy, pp. 369
• Low1882c: taxonomy, pp. 522
• Lupo1939: description, taxonomy, pp. 69-70
• MacGil1921: description, taxonomy, pp. 274, 286
• Mamet1950: description, taxonomy, pp. 32-33
• Marlat1892: taxonomy, pp. 151
• Maskel1879: taxonomy, pp. 192
• Maskel1887a: description, taxonomy, pp. 39, 48
• Maskel1891: description, taxonomy, pp. 4-7
• McKenz1949: taxonomy, pp. 124
• McKenz1956: taxonomy, pp. 29
• MoghadWa2021: diagnosis, key, taxonomy, pp. 33, 139
• Morgan1888a: taxonomy, pp. 47
• Morgan1888b: taxonomy, pp. 118
• MorrisMo1922: taxonomy, pp. 96, 99, 100, 103, 10
• MorrisMo1966: taxonomy, pp. 14, 46, 97, 107, 119, 126, 202
• Myers1927LE: taxonomy, pp. 343-344
• Newste1901b: description, taxonomy, pp. 80, 193-194
• NormarOkMo2019: taxonomy, pp. 42,51,58-63
• Ramakr1930: taxonomy, pp. 13
• Robins1917: distribution, taxonomy, pp. 17, 34
• Russel1970: taxonomy, pp. 8
• Sander1904a: taxonomy, pp. 31, 73
• Schmut1951: taxonomy, pp. 129
• Schmut1959: taxonomy, pp. 156
• Shimer1868: description, taxonomy, pp. 373
• Signor1869: catalog, taxonomy, pp. 841
• Signor1869b: taxonomy, pp. 99
• Signor1870: description, taxonomy, pp. 91-92
• Silves1902: taxonomy, pp. 127
• Silves1939: taxonomy, pp. 803
• Takagi1960: description, taxonomy, pp. 75-76
• Takagi1961a: taxonomy, pp. 100
• Takagi1962: taxonomy, pp. 48
• Takagi1970: description, taxonomy, pp. 1-3
• Takagi2003: structure, taxonomy, pp. 86-87,107
• Takagi2005: taxonomy, pp. 154
• TakagiGe2008: host, pp. 128
• Takaha1939b: taxonomy, pp. 265
• Takaha1955e: description, distribution, taxonomy, pp. 67
• Tang1986: distribution, taxonomy, pp. 44
• Tao1999: distribution, taxonomy, pp. 83
• Targio1868: taxonomy, pp. 737
• Targio1881: taxonomy, pp. 158
• Terezn1982: distribution, taxonomy, pp. 57, 58
• Varshn2002: distribution, host, pp. 47,50,51,53
• Vayssi1923a: taxonomy, pp. 420
• Wang1982c: distribution, taxonomy, pp. 46
• Willia1963b: description, distribution, illustration, taxonomy, pp. 28
• Willia1971b: description, taxonomy, pp. 7, 8
• WilliaBr1995: taxonomy, pp. 185
• WilliaWa1988: description, distribution, taxonomy, pp. 143
• Wolff1911: taxonomy, pp. 80
• WolffCo1994: distribution, taxonomy, pp. 128
• Xie1998: taxonomy, pp. 114
• Yang1982: distribution, taxonomy, pp. 198-199
• YoungHu1981: distribution, taxonomy, pp. 212
• Zahrad1952: distribution, taxonomy, pp. 98, 161
• Zimmer1948: distribution, taxonomy, pp. 374, 417

195 Species