Valid Names Results
Diaspidiotus hunteri is now Diaspidiotus ostreaeformis (Curtis, 1843) (Diaspididae: Diaspidiotus)
Nomenclatural History
- Aspidiotus ostreaeformis Curtis 1843c: 805. Type data: ENGLAND: locality not indicated, on bark of pear tree.. Syntypes, both sexes, Type depository: Abbotsford: Department of Entomology, Museum of Victoria, Victoria, Australia; accepted valid name Illustr.
- Aspidiotus betulae Baerensprung 1849: 167. Type data: GERMANY: on Betula sp.. Syntypes, female, junior synonym (discovered by Borchs1966, 334). Notes: Depository unknown.
- Mytilococcus ellipticus Amerling 1858: 103. nomen nudum (discovered by Borchs1966, 378).
- Diaspis ostreaeformis (Curtis, 1843); Signoret 1869d: 439. change of combination
- Aspidiotus hippocastani Signoret 1869b: 136. Type data: FRANCE: apparently Paris, on bark of "marronier d'Indie" [=Aesculus hippocastanum].. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Vienna: Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Austria; junior synonym (discovered by Leonar1898c, 38).
- Aspidiotus oxyacanthae Signoret 1869b: 137. Type data: FRANCE: apparently Paris, on "aubepine" [=Crataegus oxyacanthae.. Syntypes, both sexes, Type depository: Vienna: Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Austria; junior synonym (discovered by Leonar1898c, 38).
- Diaspis ostraeformis (Curtis, 1843); Signoret 1869: 854, 862, 863. misspelling of species epithet
- Aspidiotus hyppocastani Signoret 1869: 857. nomen nudum
- Aspidiotus oxyacanthae Signoret 1869: 863. nomen nudum
- Aspidiotus tiliae Signoret 1869b: 137. Type data: FRANCE: on "tilleul" [=Tilia].. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Vienna: Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Austria; synonym and homonym (discovered by Leonar1898c, 38). Replacement name for Aspidiotus tiliae Bouche, 1851 Illustr.
- Diaspis ostraeformis (Curtis, 1843); Lichtenstein 1881: li. change of combination
- Diaspis ostraeformis (Curtis, 1843); Lichtenstein 1881: li. misspelling of species epithet
- Diaspis ostreaeformis (Curtis, 1843); Goethe 1884: 114. change of combination
- Aspidiotus (Diaspidiotus) betulae Baerensprung, 1849; Cockerell 1897i: 18. change of combination
- Aspidiotus (Diaspidiotus) hippocastani Signoret, 1869; Cockerell 1897i: 18. change of combination
- Aspidiotus (Diaspidiotus) ostreaeformis Curtis, 1843; Cockerell 1897i: 19. change of combination
- Aspidiotus (Diaspidiotus) oxyacanthae Signoret, 1869; Cockerell 1897i: 19. change of combination
- Aspidiotus (Evaspidiotus) betulae Baerensprung, 1849; Leonardi 1898c: 38. change of combination
- Aspidiotus hunteri Newell 1899: 10. Type data: U.S.A.: Iowa, Alton, on currant [Ribes sp.]; imported from Texas, in 1897.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Nakaha1982, 1). Illustr.
- Aspidiotus ostreaeformis magnus Goethe 1899: 17. Type data: GERMANY: Geisenheim am Rhein, on oaks.. Syntypes, both sexes, junior synonym (discovered by Ferris1941e, 45). Notes: Depository of type material unknown.
- Aspidiotus ostreaeformis oblongus Goethe 1899: 16. Type data: GERMANY: Geisenheim am Rhein, on plums.. Syntypes, both sexes, junior synonym (discovered by Ferris1941e, 46). Notes: Depository of type material unknown.
- Aspidiotus scutiformis; Goethe 1899: 18. misidentification (discovered by Borchs1966, 335).
- Aspidiotus (Diaspidiotus) hunteri Newell, 1899; Leonardi 1900: 340. change of combination
- Aspidiotus ortraeformis Curtis, 1843; Leonardi 1909: 124. misspelling of species epithet
- Aspidiotus ostreiformis Curtis, 1843; Lindinger 1909c: 449. misspelling of species epithet
- Aspidiotus ostreiformis Curtis, 1843; Lindinger 1912b: 49. misspelling of species epithet
- Diaspidiotus hunteri (Newell, 1899); MacGillivray 1921: 412. change of combination
- Quadraspidiotus ostreaeformis (Curtis, 1843); MacGillivray 1921: 410. change of combination
- Aspidiotus ostraeiformis Curtis, 1843; Bodenheimer 1924: 33. misspelling of species epithet
- Aspidiotus (Evaspidiotus) ostreaeformis Curtis, 1843; Thiem & Gerneck 1934: 532. change of combination
- Aspidiotus ostreiformis Curtis, 1843; Koroneos 1934: 11. misspelling of species epithet
- Aspidiotus (Quadraspidiotus) ostreaeformis Curtis, 1843; Borchsenius 1935a: 6. change of combination
- Aspidiotus alma-atensis Borchsenius 1935: 128. Type data: KAZAKHSTAN: Alma-Ata, on Malus sp. and Crataegus sp.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: St. Petersburg: Zoological Museum, Academy of Science, Russia; junior synonym (discovered by Danzig1993, 182). Illustr.
- Aspidiotus ostreiformis Curtis, 1843; Kawecki 1935: 76. misspelling of species epithet
- Aspidiotus magnus Goethe, 1899; Ferris 1941e: 45. change of combination and rank
- Aspidiotus oblongus Goethe, 1899; Ferris 1941e: 46. change of combination and rank
- Diaspidiotus ostreaeformis (Curtis, 1843); Borchsenius 1949d: 224. change of combination
- Quadraspidiotus ostrasformis (Curtis, 1843); Bodenheimer 1949: 57. misspelling of species epithet
- Diaspidiotus alma-atensis (Borchsenius, 1935); Borchsenius 1950b: 228. change of combination
- Quadraspidiotus alma-atensis (Borchsenius, 1935); Balachowsky 1950b: 469. change of combination
- Quadraspidiotus ostreaefornis (Curtis, 1843); Bodenheimer 1952: 338. misspelling of species epithet
- Quadraspidiotus ostraeformis (Curtis, 1843); Gómez-Menor Ortega 1956: 21. misspelling of species epithet
- Aspidiotus ostreiformis Curtis, 1843; Gómez-Menor Ortega 1957: 46. misspelling of species epithet
- Aspidiotus ostreiformis Curtis, 1843; Lindinger 1957: 545. misspelling of species epithet
- Quadraspidiotus ostreiformis (Curtis, 1843); Gómez-Menor Ortega 1957: 46. misspelling of species epithet
- Quadraspidiotus williamsi Takagi 1958: 127. Type data: JAPAN: Sapporo, Hokkaido, on a species of Rosaceae.. Holotype, female, Type depository: Sapporo: Entomological Institute, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Japan; junior synonym (discovered by Danzig1993, 182). Illustr.
- Quadraspidiotus almaatensis (Borchsenius, 1935); Borchsenius 1966: 328. emendation that is justified
- Diaspidiotus ostraeformis (Curtis, 1843); Hadzibejli 1983: 238. misspelling of species epithet
- Aspidiotus ostreaeformis obiongus Goethe, 1899; Chou 1985: 312. misspelling of species epithet
- Quadraspidiotus ostraeformis (Curtis, 1843); Chou 1985: 312. misspelling of species epithet
- Diaspidiotus ostreaeformis (Curtis, 1843); Danzig 1993: 182-184. change of combination
- Aspidiotus hippocastini Signoret, 1869; Blay Goicoechea 1993: 577. misspelling of species epithet
- Quadraspidiotus ostraeformis (Curtis, 1843); Frey & Frey 1995a: 100. misspelling of species epithet
- Quadraspidiotus ostraeformis (Curtis, 1843); Aleksidze 1995: 187. misspelling of species epithet
- Aspidiotus hippocaastani Signoret, 1869; Tao 1999: 115. misspelling of species epithet
- Diaspidiotus oestroeformis (Curtis, 1843); Foldi 2003: 151. misspelling of species epithet
- Diaspidiotus ostreaformis (Curtis, 1843); Masten 2016: 231. misspelling of species epithet
- Diaspidiotus ostreaforms (Curtis, 1843); Aligeydar 2016. misspelling of species epithet
- Diaspidiotus ostraeiformis (Curtis, 1843); Hodgson 2020: 147. misspelling of species epithet
Common Names
- almaatinskaya shitovka BazaroSh1971
- Austernformige schildlaus SchmutKlLu1957
- Curtis scale MillerDa2005
- European fruit scale Kozar1990c MillerDa2005
- false San Jose scale MillerDa2005
- green oyster scale MillerDa2005
- oyster-shell scale Green1928
- oystershell scale MillerDa2005
- pear oyster scale MillerDa2005
- pear-tree oyster scale Curtis1843c
- ustrizevidnaya ili lojnokaliforniiskya shitovka Borchs1936
- yellow apple scale MillerDa2005
- yellow oyster scale MillerDa2005
- zitronenfarbene Austernschildlaus SchmutKlLu1957
- cocciniglia grigia dei fruttiferi Watson2022a
- cochinilla del álamo Watson2022a
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 21 | Genera: 43
- Altingiaceae
- Liquidambar orientalis | UlgentDo2019
- Anacardiaceae
- Pistacia | UlgentErYa2022
- Arecaceae
- Phoenix | Balach1950b
- Betulaceae
- Alnus | Balach1950b
- Alnus glutinosa | Zahrad1972
- Alnus incana | Balach1950b Zahrad1972
- Betula | Balach1950b Danzig1978 Green1928 Zahrad1952
- Betula dahurica | Danzig1980b
- Betula pendula | Zahrad1972
- Betula platyphylla | Danzig1980b Danzig1978a Danzig1978 Danzig1980b
- Betula pubescens | Balach1950b Zahrad1972
- Carpinus | Balach1950b
- Carpinus betulus | Bachma1953 Zahrad1972
- Corylus | Balach1950b
- Corylus avellana | RosenDe1979 Zahrad1972
- Ostrya | Balach1950b Zahrad1972
- Bignoniaceae
- Catalpa bignonioides | Zahrad1972
- Ericaceae
- Calluna vulgaris | Foldi2000
- Rhododendron diversipilosum | Danzig1978 Danzig1980b
- Rhododendron groenlandicum | Takagi1958
- Fabaceae
- Caragana arborescens | RosenDe1979
- Cytisus | Balach1950b
- Gleditsia | Balach1950b
- Fagaceae
- Fagus | Balach1950b
- Fagus sylvatica | Zahrad1972
- Quercus | Balach1950b Zahrad1972
- Quercus ilex | BicheArMe2022
- Quercus laurifolia | TippinBe1970
- Quercus mongolica | Danzig1978 Danzig1980b
- Quercus pubescens | Balach1932d
- Quercus robur | Zahrad1952 Zahrad1972
- Grossulariaceae
- Ribes | NormarOkMo2019
- Ribes aureum | Zahrad1952
- Ribes leptanthum | Ferris1938a | (= Grossularia leptantha)
- Ribes rubrum | Balach1950b
- Juglandaceae
- Juglans | Bodenh1937
- Juglans regia | Bodenh1924 Zahrad1972
- Malvaceae
- Tilia | Balach1950b Zahrad1952
- Tilia cordata | Zahrad1972
- Tilia platyphyllos | Zahrad1972
- Moraceae
- Ficus | Balach1950b Bodenh1952
- Ficus carica | Balach1932d
- Myricaceae
- Myrica gale | Danzig1978 Danzig1980b
- Oleaceae
- Fraxinus | Balach1950b
- Fraxinus excelsior | Balach1935b Martin1983 Moghad2013a MoghadWa2021 Zahrad1972
- Olea | Balach1950b
- Olea europaea | Leonar1909
- Syringa reticulata | Danzig1978 Danzig1980b
- Syringa vulgaris | Bachma1953 Takagi1958
- Pinaceae
- Abies | Balach1950b Borchs1938
- Abies alba | Kaweck1935
- Pinus | BugajNJuKa2021
- Platanaceae
- Platanus | Balach1932d Zahrad1972
- Platanus occidentalis | GomezM1957 Martin1983
- Platanus orientalis | Balach1931a Balach1932d
- Rhamnaceae
- Rhamnus | Balach1950b Danzig1980b
- Rosaceae
- Crataegus | Signor1869b Balach1950b Borchs1935
- Crataegus chlorosarca | Danzig1978 Danzig1980b
- Cydonia | Balach1950b
- Malus | Balach1950 Borchs1935 Zahrad1952
- Malus mandshurica | Danzig1978 Danzig1980b
- Malus prunifolia | Balach1950b Bodenh1924 Green1928 Lindin1909c Signor1869d
- Malus pumila | Hender2011 | (= Malus domestica)
- Malus sylvestris | UlgentDo2019
- Photinia villosa | Zahrad1972
- Prunus | Balach1950b Borchs1934 Borchs1936 Gertss2005 Zahrad1952
- Prunus avium | Hender2011
- Prunus bucharica | BazaroSh1971
- Prunus cerasus | Zahrad1952
- Prunus domestica | Bachma1953 Ferris1938a Green1928 KaydanKoAt2009
- Prunus dulcis | Martin1983
- Prunus spinosa | Zahrad1952
- Prunus ussuriensis | Danzig1978 Danzig1980b
- Pyrus | Zahrad1952 Bodenh1937 Curtis1843c
- Pyrus communis | Balach1932d
- Rosaceae | Borchs1938 Takagi1958
- Sorbaria sorbifolia | Danzig1980b
- Sorbus | Balach1950b
- Spiraea salicifolia | Danzig1978 Danzig1980b
- Salicaceae
- Populus | Balach1950b Bodenh1952 Borchs1934 Borchs1936 Green1928 Zahrad1972
- Populus alba | Zahrad1972
- Populus canescens | Zahrad1972
- Populus gracilis | BatsanKaKi2017
- Populus nigra | KaydanUlEr2007 Zahrad1972 Borchs1934 Zahrad1972
- Salix | Bodenh1944a Bodenh1952 Danzig1978a KaydanUlEr2007
- Salix alba | Balach1928a Balach1932d
- Salix viminalis | Zahrad1972
- Sapindaceae
- Acer | Balach1950b
- Acer campestre | Zahrad1972
- Acer negundo | UlgentDo2019
- Acer platanoides | Zahrad1972
- Aesculus | Balach1950b Green1928
- Aesculus hippocastanum | Bachma1953 Signor1869b Zahrad1972
- Aesculus pavia | Zahrad1972
- Ulmaceae
- Ulmus | Balach1950b Zahrad1972
- Ulmus davidiana | Danzig1980b
Foes:
Families: 5 | Genera: 15
- Aphelinidae
- Ablerus | Balach1950b Zahrad1972
- Ablerus atomon | Aligey2016
- Ablerus celsus | Aligey2016 Zahrad1972 | (= Azotus matritensis)
- Ablerus pinifoliae | Zahrad1972 | (= Azotus pinifoliae)
- Aphytis aonidiae | RosenDe1979
- Aphytis hispanicus | Zahrad1972 | (= Aphytis bovelli)
- Aphytis mytilaspidis | Zahrad1972
- Aphytis testaceus | RosenDe1979
- Archenomus bicolor | Aligey2016
- Archenomus longiclavae | Aligey2016
- Coccobius testaceus | Aligey2016
- Diaspiniphagus moeris | Aligey2016 Gordh1979 Zahrad1972 Gordh1979 Zahrad1972 | (= Diaspiniphagus similis),(= Coccophagoides similis
- Encarsia aurantii | PolaszAbHu1999 Zahrad1972 | (= Prospaltella aurantii)
- Encarsia gigas | Aligey2016
- Pteroptrix dimidiata | Novits1961 Balach1950b Zahrad1972
- Pteroptrix lauri | Aligey2016 | (= Hispaniella lauri)
- Pteroptrix longiclava | Viggia1990a
- Pteroptrix maritima | Zahrad1972
- Encyrtidae
- Adelencyrtus intersectus | Gordh1979 Trjapi1989 Gordh1979 | (= Anabrolepis zetterstedtii ),
- Anagyrus | Zahrad1972
- Anagyrus schmuttereri | Zahrad1972
- Anagyrus schoenherri | Zahrad1972
- Habrolepis pascuorum | Trjapi1989
- Zaomma lambinus | Zahrad1972 Trjapi1989 | (= Chiloneurinus microphagus),
- Nectriaceae
- Fusarium larvarum | HornokKo1984
- Nectria aurantiicola | EvansPr1990
- Phlaeothripidae
- Haplothrips | PalmerMo1990
- Signiphoridae
- Thysanus ater | Balach1950b Woolle1990
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 61
- Algeria | Balach1928a Balach1932d
- Argentina
- Buenos Aires | GranarCl2003
- Mendoza | Lizery1936
- Rio Negro | GranarCl2003
- Armenia | Watson2022a
- Australia
- South Australia | BrookeHu1968
- Tasmania | BrookeHu1968
- Victoria | BrookeHu1968
- Austria | Watson2022a
- Azerbaijan | Watson2022a
- Azerbaijan SSR | Borchs1936
- Belgium | Watson2022a
- Bulgaria | CABI2002b Chorba1938 Tsalev1968
- Canada | Nakaha1982
- British Columbia | Treher1915
- Ontario | Watson2022a
- China | Danzig1980b Tang1984
- Anhui (=Anhwei) | Watson2022a
- Heilongjiang (=HeilungKiang) | Watson2022a
- Liaoning | Watson2022a
- Nei Monggol (=Inner Mongolia) | Watson2022a
- Shanxi (=Shansi) | Watson2022a
- Xinjiang Uygur (=Sinkiang) | Watson2022a
- Corsica | Balach1931a Balach1932d
- Croatia | Masten2007 MastenSi2009 | Bachma1953
- Czech Republic | Zahrad1952 Zahrad1977
- Egypt | Watson2022a
- Finland | Watson2022a
- France | Balach1932d Balach1933a Balach1933e Foldi2000 Signor1869b
- Georgia (Republic of) | BatsanKaKi2017 Borchs1936 Hadzib1983
- Abkhaz ASSR | Borchs1934 Borchs1936
- Adzhar ASSR | Borchs1934 Borchs1936
- Germany | Balach1950b Lindin1909b Lindin1909c
- Greece | Korone1934
- Hungary | Kozar1999a KozarKiSa2004 KozarKo2002b
- India | Varshn2002
- Iran | Bodenh1944a Kaussa1955 Moghad2013a
- Iraq | Dowson1935
- Ireland | Balach1950b Green1934d OConnoGeMa2013
- Israel | Bodenh1924 Bodenh1937
- Italy | Leonar1909 Leonar1920 LongoMaPe1995
- Sicily | Watson2022a
- Japan | Kawai1980
- Hokkaido | Takagi1958
- Kazakhstan
- Alma Ata Oblast | Balach1950b BazaroSh1971 Borchs1935
- Kyrgyzstan (=Kirgizia) | Balach1950b
- Lebanon | AbdulNMo2006
- Lithuania | MalumpOsPy2010
- Luxembourg | GertssSc2020
- Malta | Borg1932 MifsudMaRu2014
- Moldova | BugajNJuKa2021
- Morocco | Balach1932d
- Nepal | Varshn2002
- Netherlands | Jansen2001 Reyne1957
- New Zealand | Nakaha1982
- North Korea | Danzig1980b
- Norway | Watson2022a
- Pakistan | Varshn2002
- Poland | Balach1950b Kaweck1935 Koteja2000a
- Portugal | FrancoRuMa2011 Seabra1941
- Romania | Savesc1982 Teodor2018
- Russia
- Caucasus | Borchs1936
- Karachay-Cherkessia AR | Danzig1985
- Primor'ye Kray | Danzig1980b
- Sakhalin Oblast | Danzig1980b
- St. Petersburg (=Leningrad) Oblast | Danzig1962b
- Voronoezh Oblast | Gavril2003a
- Yakutia-Sakha (=Yakut) AR | Danzig1978a
- Sardinia | Pelliz2011
- Serbia | Watson2022a
- Slovakia | Zahrad1952
- Slovenia | Janezi1954 Seljak2010
- South Korea | ESKSAE1994
- Spain | Balach1935b BlayGo1993 GomezM1937 Martin1983
- Sweden | Balach1950b Gertss2001 Gertss2005
- Switzerland | Balach1950b
- Tajikistan (=Tadzhikistan) | BazaroSh1971
- Tunisia | Gharbi2021
- Turkey | Bodenh1949 Bodenh1952 KaydanKoAt2009 KaydanUlEr2007
- Ukraine | Watson2022a
- United Kingdom | Green1928
- Channel Islands | Watson2022a
- England | Curtis1843c MalumpBa2012
- United States
- California | NormarOkMo2019
- Colorado | Nakaha1982
- Connecticut | Nakaha1982
- Georgia | TippinBe1970
- Idaho | Nakaha1982
- Iowa | Nakaha1982
- Kansas | Nakaha1982
- Maine | Nakaha1982
- Maryland | WatsonKo2022a
- Massachusetts | Nakaha1982
- Michigan | Nakaha1982
- Minnesota | Watson2022a
- Montana | Ferris1938a
- New Hampshire | Nakaha1982
- New Mexico | Ferris1938a Nakaha1982
- New York | Nakaha1982
- Ohio | Ferris1938a Nakaha1982 Sander1904
- Oregon | Nakaha1982 SchuhMo1948
- Pennsylvania | Nakaha1982
- Rhode Island | Nakaha1982
- South Dakota | Nakaha1982
- Texas | Ferris1938a
- Utah | Ferris1938a
- Vermont | Watson2022a
- Washington | Nakaha1982
- West Virginia | Watson2022a
- Wisconsin | Nakaha1982
- Wyoming | Nakaha1982
- Uzbekistan
- Samarkand Oblast | BazaroSh1971
- Yugoslavia
- Serbia (Yugoslavia) | Watson2022a
Keys
- MoghadWa2021: pp.78-79 ( Adult (F) ) [Diaspidiotus in Iran]
- NucifoWaRu2020: pp.589 ( Adult (F) ) [Diaspidiotus on Betulaceae]
- Hodgso2020: pp.146-147 ( Adult (M) ) [Diaspididae]
- SchneiClWe2020: pp.67-71 ( Adult (F) ) [Aspidiotini in Argentina]
- Hender2011: pp.87 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to Diaspidiotus adult females in New Zealand]
- MillerDa2005: pp.29-35 ( Adult (F) ) [Field Key to Economic Armored Scales]
- Koszta1996: pp.575 ( Adult (F) ) [Northeastern North America]
- Danzig1993: pp.179-182 ( Adult (F) ) [Europe]
- Terezn1986: pp.97-98 ( Adult (F) ) [Ukraine]
- Chou1985: pp.311 ( Adult (F) ) [Species of China]
- Danzig1980b: pp.340 ( Adult (F) ) [Far East of USSR]
- KosztaKo1978: pp.173-174 ( Adult (F) ) [Hungary]
- BazaroSh1971: pp.211 ( Adult (F) ) [Central Asia]
- BrookeHu1968: pp.91 ( Immature (F) ) [Australia]
- BrookeHu1968: pp.91 ( Adult (F) ) [Australia]
- Reyne1957: pp.33 ( Adult (F) ) [Netherlands ]
- Zahrad1952: pp.114-115 ( Adult (F) ) [Czech Republic]
- Balach1950b: pp.404-405 ( Adult (F) ) [Mediterranean]
- Balach1948a: pp.90 ( Adult (F) ) [World]
- Lupo1948: pp.174 ( Adult (F) ) [Italy]
- Ferris1942: pp.33 ( Adult (F) ) [North America] Key as: Diaspidiotus hunteri,i
- Ferris1942: pp.40 ( Adult (F) ) [North America]
- Borchs1938: pp.142 ( Adult (F) ) [Far East of USSR]
- Borchs1935: pp.127-128 ( Adult (F) ) [Former USSR]
- Britto1923: pp.371 ( Adult (F) ) [U.S.A.: Connecticut]
- Leonar1920: pp.29-30 ( Adult (F) ) [Italy]
- Lawson1917: pp.217 ( Adult (F) ) [U.S.A.: Kansas]
- Newste1901b: pp.81 ( Adult (F) ) [England]
- Newell1899: pp.4-5
(
Adult (F)
)
[North America] Key as:
Diaspidiotus hunteri - Newell1899: pp.4-5 ( Adult (F) ) [North America]
Remarks
- Systematics: Ferris (1941e: 48) suggested that the record by Goethe (1899) of Aspidiotus scutiformis Cockerell, was a misidentification of Aspidiotus juglansregiae. Ferris (1938a: 222) considered D. hunteri to be a valid species and D. piceus (Sanders) to be a junior synonym of D. hunteri. Nakahara (1982: 1) determined that D. hunteri and D. piceus were not synonyms, and that D. hunteri was a junior synonym of Diaspidiotus ostreaeformis.
- Structure: Female scale gray, circular, moderately convex, exuviae subcentral; scale of the male elongate, exuvia near one end (Ferris, 1938a). Female scale circular, slightly convex, grayish-brown in colour, dark in the central part and turning light towards the margin, the margin sometimes with a white border; exuviae eccentric; first exuvia light-brown in colour, the second brown; diameter of the scale about 1.5 mm. Male scale oval, grayish-green in colour, almost white on the margins. Length about 0.6-0.8 mm. (Borchsenius, 1935). Female scale circular, somewhat convex, dark gray; in male smaller and slightly elongate (Takagi, 1958). The presence of perivulvar pores distinguishes D. ostreaeformis from D. perniciosus. (Henderson, 2011) Live first-instar nymph yellow, oval in outline, adult femals variable in shape from broadly oval to nearly circular, usually with triangle-like pygidium.
- Biology: Occurring on the bark (Ferris, 1938a). D. ostreaeformis is biparental and develops through 3 instars in the female and 5 in the male. In Central Europe, it has 1 annual generation and overwinters as a second instar nymph. (Podsiadlo, 2017) Adult males were observed in the first two decades of May, whereas pre-reproductive females from late April to late June. The first egg-laying females were noticed in mid-June. (Poldiadlo & Kalandyk-Kolodziejczyk, 2022)
- Economic Importance: The European fruit scale is widely distributed in the Palearctic region, and has been distributed to other regions of the world (see Distribution). it is a pest of deciduous fruit trees, mainly Rosaceae (Balachowsky, 1950b; Schmutterer et al., 1957; Argyriou, 1990; Kozar, 1990c).
- General Remarks: Description and illustration of adult female by Ferris (1938a), Balachowsky (1948a, 1950b), Zahradník (1952), Takagi (1958), Brookes & Hudson (1968), Bazarov & Shmelev (1971), Tang (1984), Chou (1985, 1986), Tereznikova (1986), Danzig (1980b, 1993) and by Kosztarab (1996). Description and illustration of second instar nymph by Brookes & Hudson (1968). Detailed description and illustration of first-instar male and female in Podsiadlo, 2017. Detailed description and illustration of second instar male and female nymphs in Podiadlo, 2019. Description and illustration of adult female of the junior synonym, Diaspidiotus hunteri by Newell (1899).
Illustrations
Citations
- AbdulNMo2006: distribution, host, 517-520
- Aleksi1995: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 187-190
- AngeriLo1985: chemical control, distribution, host, 31-35
- Archan1937: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 99,101
- Argyri1990: distribution, economic importance, host, 579-583
- Bachma1953: distribution, host, 178
- Baeren1849: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 165-167
- Balach1928a: distribution, host, 138
- Balach1931a: distribution, host, 97
- Balach1932b: ecology, 517-522
- Balach1932d: distribution, host, taxonomy, IV-V; XLVI
- Balach1933a: distribution, host, 38
- Balach1933e: distribution, host, 3
- Balach1933f: chemical control, 506-507
- Balach1935b: distribution, host, 256
- Balach1937c: distribution, host, 2
- Balach1948a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 91-93
- Balach1950b: biological control, description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, taxonomy, 405-409,469-472
- Banks1990: chemistry, physiology, 267-274
- BatsanKaKi2017: distribution, host, 257
- BazaroSh1971: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 211-217
- BeardsDaHo1976: economic importance, 105
- BeardsGo1975: economic importance, 49
- BenDov2012: catalog, distribution, host, 28, 44
- BenDovGe2003: catalog, 370-371. 397-405
- BicheArMe2022: distribution, host, 500
- BlayGo1993: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 577-582
- Bodenh1924: distribution, host, taxonomy, 33
- Bodenh1935: distribution, host, 246
- Bodenh1935c: distribution, taxonomy, 1156
- Bodenh1937: distribution, host, 217
- Bodenh1944b: distribution, host, 93
- Bodenh1949: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 57-60
- Bodenh1952: distribution, host, structure, 338
- Bonnem1936: description, taxonomy, 230-243
- Boraty1953: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 463-465
- Borchs1934: distribution, host, 28
- Borchs1935: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 128-129
- Borchs1936: distribution, host, 132
- Borchs1937: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 129,130
- Borchs1937a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 43-44
- Borchs1938: distribution, host, 143
- Borchs1939: taxonomy, 10,31
- Borchs1939a: distribution, taxonomy, 43
- Borchs1949d: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 244
- Borchs1950b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 226-228,231
- Borchs1966: catalog, 324,328,334-335,341
- BrandtBo1948: taxonomy, 3
- Britto1923: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 371,374-375
- BrookeHu1968: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 93-95
- BrookeHu1969: distribution, host, 228-233
- BugajNJuKa2021: distribution, host, list, 299
- BurgerUl1990: economic importance, 313-327
- Bustsh1958: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 220,255
- Buxton1920: distribution, host, 287-303
- CABI2002b: distribution, host, 1-2
- Calkin1983: distribution, economic importance, 321-359
- Charle1998: biological control, distribution, economic importance, 52N
- CharleHe2002: distribution, economic importance, host, 587-615
- Chou1986: illustration, taxonomy, 691
- Chumak1957: biological control, distribution, host, 533-547
- Chumak1961: biological control, distribution, host, 313-338
- ClapsWoGo2001a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 26
- Cocker1895b: taxonomy, 16
- Cocker1896b: distribution, 333
- Cocker1897i: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 15,18,19
- Collin1950: distribution, economic importance, host, 158-160
- Comsto1883: taxonomy, 73,77-78,80
- Curtis1843c: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 805
- Danzig1959: distribution, host, taxonomy, 450,459
- Danzig1962b: distribution, taxonomy, 27
- Danzig1964: distribution, host, taxonomy, 653
- Danzig1972: distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 210
- Danzig1977b: taxonomy, 57
- Danzig1978: distribution, host, 19-20
- Danzig1978a: distribution, host, 78
- Danzig1980b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 341-342
- Danzig1985: distribution, 112
- Danzig1988: distribution, host, taxonomy, 725
- Danzig1993: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, taxonomy, 182-184
- DanzigKo1991: distribution, 1-15
- DanzigPe1998: catalog, 237-238
- DavidsMi1990: distribution, economic importance, host, 603-632
- DeveliMuKa2018: distribution, host, taxonomy, 10-11
- Dougla1887: taxonomy, 239
- DowellGiJe2016: distribution, 116
- Dowson1935: distribution, host, 225
- DumasVa1950: chemical control, 235-245
- Duskov1953a: distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 229-250
- ESKSAE1994: distribution, list, 113
- Evans1942: chemical control, distribution, host, taxonomy, 156-159
- Evans1943: chemical control, distribution, host, taxonomy,
- EvansPr1990: biological control, 3-17
- Felt1901: taxonomy, 347,352
- Fernal1903b: taxonomy, 265, 268-270
- Ferris1937c: illustration, taxonomy, 50-52,95
- Ferris1938a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 258
- Ferris1941e: taxonomy, 40,44-46
- Ferris1942: taxonomy, 446:40
- Foldi1990c: anatomy, structure, 199-204
- Foldi2000: distribution, host, 84
- Foldi2001: distribution, 303-308
- Foldi2003: distribution, host, 151
- FoldiDe1998: distribution, host, taxonomy, 202
- FoldiGe2018: distribution, 9
- FrancoRuMa2011: distribution, 10,23
- FrankKr1898: taxonomy, 397
- FrankKr1900: taxonomy, 41
- FreyFr1995: chemistry, taxonomy, 777-780
- FreyFr1995a: chemistry, structure, taxonomy, 100
- Garcia1930: biological control, distribution, host,
- Gavalo1931: distribution, host, 7
- Gavalo1932b: distribution, host, 1
- Gavalo1936: distribution, host, 75-76
- Gavril2003a: distribution, host, 114
- Gavril2018: reproduction, 237
- Gertss2001: distribution, 123-130
- Gertss2005: distribution, host, 40-41
- GertssSc2020: distribution, host, 134
- Gharbi2021: biology, distribution, host, structure, 8
- Ghauri1962: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 109,211
- Goethe1884: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 114
- Goethe1897: description, illustration, taxonomy, 66-74
- Goethe1899: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 16-19
- GolanLaJa2001: distribution, host, taxonomy, 229-249
- GomezM1937: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 59-64
- GomezM1956: biological control, description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 21-24
- GomezM1957: distribution, host, taxonomy, 46
- GomezM1958c: distribution, host, 406
- Gordh1979: biological control, 895,901,944
- Goux1949: taxonomy, 32
- GranarCl2003: distribution, host, 625-637
- Green1916: distribution, host, 29
- Green1928: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 8
- Green1934d: distribution, 114
- Griswo1926: biological control, 331-334
- Hadzib1983: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, taxonomy, 238-240
- Hender2011: description, distribution, illustration, taxonomy, 24,30,87-88,225,258
- Heriot1934: life history, structure, 602-612
- Herric1925: description, distribution, economic importance, host, life history,
- Hill1989a: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 177-182
- HippeScMa1995: biological control, chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, 4,84-85
- Hodgso2020: key, 147
- HornokKo1984: biological control, distribution, host, 9-11
- Horvat1897: taxonomy, 95
- Huba1960: taxonomy, 39-50
- HunterWo2001: biological control, life history, 251-290
- Jaap1914: distribution, host, 135-142
- Janezi1954: distribution, host, 124
- Jansen2001: distribution, host, 197-206
- JaposhBaKi2020: distribution, host, 64
- Jarvis1908TD: taxonomy, 57
- Jorgen1934: distribution, taxonomy, 279
- Jura1959: description, structure, taxonomy, 17-34
- Kaussa1955: distribution, host, 16
- Kawai1980: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 221
- Kaweck1935: distribution, host, taxonomy, 76
- KaydanKoAt2009: distribution, host, 46
- KaydanUlEr2007: catalog, distribution, host, 95
- Kiritc1932a: taxonomy, 246
- Kohler2009a: distribution, host, 27
- KohlerEi2005: distribution, host, 167
- KohlerEi2006: distribution, host, 16
- Komosi1974a: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 1-84
- Komosi1986: distribution, host, 3-12
- Komosi1986a: distribution, host, 13-20
- Komosi1987: distribution, host, 95-103
- Komosi1987a: distribution, host, 105-116
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 15
- Konsta1976: distribution, economic importance, host, 49-50
- Koreck1974: anatomy, structure, 85-93
- Korone1934: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 11-12
- Koszta1996: biological control, description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 581-582
- KosztaKo1978: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 173-174
- Koteja1990b: anatomy, life history, structure, 233-242
- Koteja1990b: anatomy, life history, 233-242
- Koteja1990c: life history, 243-254
- Koteja2000a: distribution, 172
- KotejaPyVo2003: structure, taxonomy, 254
- Kozar1990: economic importance, life history, 335-340
- Kozar1990c: distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 593-602
- Kozar1995b: taxonomy, 51
- Kozar1999a: distribution, host, 141
- KozarGuBa1994: distribution, host, 151-161
- KozarHiMa1996: description, taxonomy, 433-437
- KozarKiSa2004: distribution, 61
- KozarKo2002b: distribution, host, 377
- KozarKoFe2013: distribution, taxonomy, 54
- KozarzKo1972: distribution, host, 42-46
- Krzysz1957: taxonomy, 223
- Lagows1998a: distribution, host, 63-71
- LagowsGo1998: distribution, economic importance, host, 21-23
- LagowsGo2020: diagnosis, 68
- LagowsKo1996: distribution, host, 32, 35
- Lawson1917: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 217,224-225
- Leonar1898a: taxonomy, 75
- Leonar1898c: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 38-40
- Leonar1900: distribution, host, taxonomy, 340
- Leonar1909: distribution, host, 124
- Leonar1920: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 30,50-54
- Lichte1881: description, taxonomy, li-lii
- Lindin1907: taxonomy, 6
- Lindin1909b: distribution, host, 151
- Lindin1909c: distribution, host, 449
- Lindin1909e: taxonomy, 44
- Lindin1912b: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 48,49,57,83,151,163,
- Lindin1935: taxonomy, 129
- Lindin1957: taxonomy, 545,546,548
- Lizery1936: distribution, host, 113
- LongoMaPe1995: distribution, 128
- Lupo1948: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 174-180
- MacGil1921: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 410,412,413
- MalumpBa2012: distribution, 28
- MalumpOsPy2010: distribution, host, 259-260
- ManiHiSc1993: distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 299-302
- Marlat1899d: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 76-82
- Martin1983: distribution, host, taxonomy, 67
- Masi1934: biological control, distribution, host, 97-102
- Masten2007: distribution, host, taxonomy, 1-242
- MastenSeSi2016: distribution, host, 231-235
- MastenSi2009: distribution, economic importance, host, 238-247
- May1899a: taxonomy, 151
- McClur1990d: distribution, ecology, host, taxonomy, 301-303
- McClur1990e: distribution, ecology, host, taxonomy, 309-314
- McLare1989: chemical control, distribution, host, 221-227
- McLare1989a: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 215-219
- McLareFr1992: ecology, life history, 21
- Meerwa1900: taxonomy, 3-15
- Merkel1938: distribution, host, 88-99
- MifsudMaRu2014: distribution, host, 508
- MillerDa1990: distribution, economic importance, host, 305
- MillerDa2005: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, taxonomy, 168-170
- Moghad2013a: distribution, host, 25
- MoghadWa2021: diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, key, taxonomy, 78, 92-93, 243
- MohammGh2008: distribution, 150
- Morgan1888b: description, taxonomy, 45,118-120,350
- Morgan1889a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 350
- Morgan1890: taxonomy, 42-44
- Morgan1967: distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 650-659
- MuelleEi1954: description, taxonomy, 151-153
- Muraka1970: distribution, host, 78
- Nakaha1982: distribution, host, 78
- Newell1899: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 10, 17-18
- Newste1901b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 81,97,99-104
- Noel1894: chemical control, description, distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 67-72
- NormarOkMo2019: distribution, host, phylogeny, 19, S5, S6
- Novits1961: biological control, 193-194
- NucifoWaRu2020: key, 589
- OConnoGeMa2013: distribution, host, 33, 38
- PalmerMo1990: biological control, 67-76
- Pelliz2011: distribution, 312
- PellizChMi2015: distribution, 61,68
- Penman1984: biological control, distribution, host, 33-50
- Pesson1950: life history, 566-570
- Pettit1900: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 1
- Podsia2017: description, nymph, 293–301
- PodsiaKa2022: biology, life history,
- PolaszAbHu1999: biological control, distribution, host, 131-163
- PolavaDaMi2000: taxonomy, 558
- RSEA1915: control, description, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 1
- Reh1900a: taxonomy, 259
- Reh1900b: taxonomy, 497
- Reh1903: taxonomy, 468
- Reh1933: life history, physiology, 109-112
- Reyne1949: distribution, host, taxonomy, 32
- Reyne1957: distribution, host, taxonomy, 26,33
- Richar1960AM: distribution, host, 693-698
- RosenDe1979: biological control, distribution, host, 411-414,476-483
- Ruhl1913: distribution, host, 79-80
- RzaevaYa1985: biological control, 55-58
- Sander1904a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 57,64
- Savesc1953: control, description, distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 3-46
- Savesc1982: biological control, description, distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 306-308
- Schmut1959: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 77
- SchmutHo2016: distribution, host, 59-60
- SchmutKlLu1957: distribution, economic importance, host, 484,485
- SchneiClWe2020: key, 71
- SchneiFiNo2019: key, taxonomy, 92
- SchneiOkNo2018: phylogeny,
- SchuhMo1948: control, distribution, host, 42
- Seabra1941: distribution, 8
- Seljak2010: distribution, host, 108
- SeveriSe1909: taxonomy, 298
- ShiLi1991: distribution, host, 166
- Signor1869: catalog, taxonomy, 844,854,857,862,863
- Signor1869b: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 136-137
- Signor1869c: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 115
- Signor1869d: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 439-441
- Signor1877: catalog, description, taxonomy, 603
- SimonKa2011: distribution, 240
- Smetni1991: chemistry, 92-129
- SzklarBi1995: anatomy, structure, 23-29
- Szulcz1926: distribution, host, 137-143
- Szulcz1949: distribution, 219-224
- Takagi1958: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 127-129
- Takagi1974: structure, taxonomy, 22, 24
- Tang1984: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 65-66
- Tao1999: distribution, host, taxonomy, 115
- Targio1868: taxonomy, 44
- Teodor2018: distribution, history, 42
- TerGri1956: description, distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 55
- TerGri1962: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 149-150
- Terezn1986: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 104-106
- ThiemGe1934: description, distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 532
- ThiemGe1934a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 130-158,208-238
- TippinBe1970: distribution, host, 9
- TranfaVi1987a: economic importance, 215-221
- Treher1915: distribution, 35
- Trembl1990a: anatomy, structure, 275-283
- TrenchTo2014: distribution, 69
- Trjapi1989: biological control, 292,293,312
- Tschor1939: distribution, host, 90
- UlgentCa2004: distribution, host, 79-84
- UlgentDo2019: distribution, host, 486
- UlgentErYa2022: distribution, host, S119
- Valent1963: biological control, 6-13
- Valent1967: biological control, 1100
- Varshn2002: distribution, host, 38
- Viggia1985: biological control, distribution, host, 3-9
- Viggia1987: biological control, distribution, host, 121-123
- Viggia1990a: biological control, 124
- Watson2001: list, 177
- Watson2022a: control, diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 466-467
- Weglar1962: anatomy, structure, 267-294
- Weglar1962a: anatomy, structure, 41-68
- Weglar1966: anatomy, structure, 59-98
- Weglar1968: anatomy, structure, 63-82
- Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 228
- WoodwaEvEa1970: distribution,
- Woolle1990: biological control, 167-176
- Xie1998: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 113
- Yasar1995a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 116-118
- YasarAyDe2003: distribution, host, 3-12
- Yasnos1994: biological control, distribution, host, 317-333
- Zahrad1952: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 115-119
- Zahrad1959b: distribution, host, 60
- Zahrad1972: biological control, distribution, host, taxonomy, 435-436
- Zahrad1977: distribution, taxonomy, 121
- Zahrad1990a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 651-652
