Valid Names Results
Diaspidiotus degeneratus (Leonardi, 1896) (Diaspididae: Diaspidiotus)Nomenclatural History
- Chrysomphalus degeneratus Leonardi 1896: 345. Type data: ITALY: Portici, on leaves of Pandanus graminifolia.. Syntypes, female and first instar, Type depository: Portici: Dipartimento de Entomologia e Zoologia Agraria di Portici, Universita di Napoli Federico II, Italy; accepted valid name Illustr.
- Aspidiotus degeneratus (Leonardi, 1896); Cockerell 1896b: 334. change of combination
- Aspidiotus (Chrysomphalus) degeneratus (Leonardi, 1896); Cockerell 1897i: 29. change of combination
- Aspidiotus degeneratus; Lindinger 1912b: 358. incorrect synonymy Notes: Incorrect synonymy with Chrysomphalus dictyospermi.
- Aspidiotus degeneratus; Koroneos 1934: 10. subsequent use Notes: Incorrect citation of "Fernald" as author.
- Hemiberlesia degenerata (Leonardi, 1896); McKenzie 1939: 54. change of combination requiring emendation of specific epithet for agreement in gender
- Abgrallaspis degeneratus (Leonardi, 1896); Balachowsky 1948b: 317. change of combination
- Diaspidiotus degeneratus (Leonardi, 1896); Borchsenius 1950b: 225. change of combination
- Dynaspidiotus degeneratus (Leonardi, 1896); Borchsenius 1966: 282. change of combination
- Abgrallaspis degenesatus (Leonardi, 1896); Tang 1984: 54. misspelling of species epithet
- Abgrallaspis degoneratus (Leonardi, 1896); Chou 1985: 308. misspelling of species epithet
- Dynaspidiotus degeneratus (Leonardi, 1896); Danzig 1993: 151. revived combination (previously published)
- Abgrallaspis degenerata (Leonardi, 1896); Miller & Davidson 2005: 42. revived combination (previously published)
- Diaspidiotus degeneratus (Leonardi, 1896); Smith-Pardo, Evans & Dooley 2012: 19-20. revived combination (previously published)
Common Names
- degenerate scale McKenz1956 MillerDa2005
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 9 | Genera: 11
- Aquifoliaceae
- Ilex | Kawai1977
- Ilex colchica | Danzig1993
- Ilex cornuta | McKenz1956
- Ilex integra | Ferris1941d Kuwana1933
- Araliaceae
- Aralia | McKenz1956
- Celastraceae
- Euonymus | MillerDa2005
- Ericaceae
- Vaccinium | MillerDa2005
- Oleaceae
- Osmanthus | Kawai1977
- Osmanthus fragrans | Ferris1941d Kuwana1933 McKenz1956
- Pandanaceae
- Pandanus graminifolius | BerlesLe1896
- Pentaphylacaceae
- Cleyera | MillerDa2005
- Cleyera japonica | Ferris1941d McKenz1956 | (= Eurya ochnacea)
- Eurya japonica | Danzig1993 Ferris1941d Hadzib1983 Kawai1977 Kuwana1933 McKenz1956
- Rutaceae
- Citrus limon | McKenz1956
- Citrus unshiu | Suh2020
- Theaceae
- Camellia | Ferris1941d Kawai1977 McKenz1956
- Camellia japonica | BerlesLe1896 Ferris1941d Hadzib1983 Korone1934 Kuwana1933 McKenz1956 TakahaTa1956 | (= Thea japonica)
- Camellia sasanqua | BatsanKaKi2017
- Camellia sinensis | Hadzib1983 | (= Thea sinensis)
- Schima | MillerDa2005
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 9
- China | Nakaha1982
- Georgia (Republic of) | Danzig1993 Hadzib1983
- Greece | Korone1934
- Italy | BerlesLe1896 Leonar1920 LongoMaPe1995
- Japan | Ferris1941d Kawai1977 Kawai1980 Kuwana1917a Kuwana1933
- Honshu | TakahaTa1956
- Shikoku | TakahaTa1956
- North Korea | Danzig1993
- Portugal | FrancoRuMa2011 Nakaha1982
- South Korea | ESKSAE1994 KwonHaCh2005
- United States
- California | Ferris1941d McKenz1956
- Montana | Nakaha1982
- Oregon | Nakaha1982 SchuhMo1948
Keys
- MillerDa2005: pp.29-35 ( Adult (F) ) [Field Key to Economic Armored Scales] Key as: Abgrallaspis degenerata
- Gill1997: pp.32 ( Adult (F) ) [Species of California]
- Danzig1993: pp.150 ( Adult (F) ) [Europe]
- Chou1985: pp.306 ( Adult (F) ) [Species of China]
- Komosi1969: pp.76-78 ( Adult (F) ) [World]
- Davids1964: pp.639-640 ( Adult (F) ) [North America]
- McKenz1956: pp.26 ( Adult (F) ) [U.S.A.: California]
- Balach1948b: pp.308 ( Adult (F) ) [Mediterranean]
- Ferris1942: pp.34 ( Adult (F) ) [North America]
- Kuwana1933: pp.3 ( Adult (F) ) [Japan]
- Kuwana1933b: pp.49 ( Adult (F) ) [Japan]
- Leonar1920: pp.65 ( Adult (F) ) [Italy]
Remarks
- Systematics: Research on the molecular systematics of diaspidid species by Andersen et al. (2010) and by Rugman-Jones et al. (2010), which included Abgrallaspis degeneratus, showed a very close relationship between A. degeneratus and species of Chrysomphalus, Aonidiella and Diaspidiotus and a relatively distant relationship to the Abgrallaspis species included in their study. Based on morphological studies , Smith-Pardo, et al., 2012, determined that A. degeneratus is better placed in Diaspidiotus, the genus in which Borchsenius (1950) had placed it. It is most similar to Diaspidiotus africanus (Marlatt, 1908) in the presence of perivulvar pores and in the shape of the lobes, paraphyses, plates and spines.
- Structure: Colour photograph by Gill (1997). Female scale very light brown, becoming white in the region of the subcentrally placed exuviae, circular, very slightly convex. Male scale similar to that of the female but slightly ovoid (Ferris, 1941d).
- Biology: Occurring on the leaves (Ferris, 1941d).
- Economic Importance: McKenzie (1956) listed it as a common nursery pest in California, USA. Gill (1997) reported it to be rare, and not found in nurseries. Gill (1997) suggested that it was not established in California, after its first introduction in 1930's - 1940's.
- General Remarks: Description and illustration of adult female by Kuwana (1933), Ferris (1941d), Balachowsky (1948b), McKenzie (1956), Komosinska (1969), Chou (1985, 1986), Danzig (1993) and by Gill (1997).
Illustrations
Citations
- AndersWuGr2010: 992-1003
- Balach1948b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 317-320
- Balach1951: taxonomy, 697
- Balach1953k: taxonomy, 113
- BatsanKaKi2017: distribution, host, 257
- BenDovGe2003: catalog, 480-482
- BerlesLe1896: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 345
- Borchs1950b: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 225
- Borchs1966: catalog, 282
- Chou1985: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 308
- Chou1986: illustration, taxonomy, 688
- Cocker1896b: distribution, taxonomy, 334
- Cocker1897i: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 29
- Danzig1972: distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 213
- Danzig1993: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 151-152
- DanzigPe1998: catalog, 253
- Davids1964: taxonomy, 639
- DowellGiJe2016: distribution, 115
- ESKSAE1994: distribution, list, 113
- Fernal1903b: 257
- Ferris1941d: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 342
- Ferris1941e: taxonomy, 42
- Ferris1942: taxonomy, 446:34
- Fleury1934a: distribution, 278-289
- FrancoRuMa2011: distribution, 8,23
- Gill1997: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, taxonomy, 33-34,36
- GruwelMoNo2007: endosymbionts, taxonomy, 267-280
- Hadzib1983: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 223
- Hewitt1943: distribution, host, 266-274
- Kawai1977: distribution, economic importance, host, 160-161
- Kawai1980: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 220
- Komosi1969: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 58-60
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 15
- Korone1934: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 10
- Kuwana1917a: distribution, taxonomy, 174
- Kuwana1933: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 8-9
- KwonHaCh2005: distribution, host, 52-60
- Leonar1897: taxonomy, 286
- Leonar1899: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 199-200,216
- Leonar1920: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 73-74
- Lindin1912b: taxonomy, 358
- LongoMaPe1995: distribution, 125
- Lupo1953: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 38-43
- MacGil1921: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 419
- Mackie1933: distribution, host, 457
- Maleno1916c: taxonomy, 119
- McKenz1939: taxonomy, 54
- McKenz1956: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 67-69
- MillerDa1990: distribution, economic importance, host, 301
- MillerDa2005: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, taxonomy, 42-43
- MorseNo2006: molecular biology, phylogeny, 338-349
- Muraka1970: distribution, host, 69
- Nakaha1982: distribution, host, 1
- NormarOkMo2019: distribution, host, phylogeny, 19, S3, S6
- PellizChMi2015: distribution, 61,72
- RugmanAnMo2010: molecular data, phylogenetics, taxonomy, 30-38
- SchmutKlLu1957: distribution, economic importance, host, 478
- SchmutKlLu1959: taxonomy, 374
- SchneiFiNo2019: key, taxonomy, 92
- SchneiOkNo2018: phylogeny,
- SchuhMo1948: control, distribution, host, 42
- Suh2020: distribution, host, illustration, 4, 6, 25
- TakahaTa1956: distribution, host, 14-15
- Tang1984: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 54-55
- Tao1999: distribution, host, taxonomy, 68
- Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 221
- WuGrGw2008: Cardinium, life history, 232-233
