Valid Names Results

Cryptostigma silveirai (Hempel, 1900) (Coccidae: Cryptostigma)

Nomenclatural History

• Lecanium silveirai Hempel 1900: 5. Type data: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais, Sete Lagoas and Diamantina, on roots of grapevine.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Sao Paulo: Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil; accepted valid name
• Neolecanium silveirai (Hempel, 1900); Cockerell 1902k: 451. change of combination
• Cryptostigma silveirai (Hempel, 1900); Kondo 2010b: 58-62. change of combination Notes: Lectotype, designated in Kondo, 2010b. Lecanium silveirai Hempel, adult .. BRAZIL: 359 Type 45, No. 95.069, 1 slide with 1 specimen (original slide with 4 specimens, remounted onto 4 slides with 1 specimen on each, lectotype # 1/4)(MZSP).

Common Names

• Grapevine-root soft scale KondoPa2022
• Escama blanda de la raíz de la vid KondoPa2022

Ecological Associates

Hosts:

Families: 1 | Genera: 1

Geographic Distribution

Keys

• KondoRo2022: pp.551-552 ( Adult (F) ) [species of Cryptostigma]
• KondoRo2022: pp.552-553 ( First instar ) [known nymphs of Cryptostigma]
• Kondo2010b: pp.9-10 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to the adult females of Cryptostigma Ferris]
• Kondo2010b: pp.10 ( First instar ) [Key to the known first-instar nymphs of Cryptostigma Ferris]

Remarks

• Systematics: The adult female of C. silveirai can be diagnosed by the following features: (i) sclerotic pores present, (ii) dorsal setae sharply or bluntly spinose, each mostly on a sclerotized plate, but a few with normal or well-developed setal sockets, (iii) preopercular pores absent, (iv) each anal plate with about 5 setae on dorsal surface, (v) marginal setae not differentiated from dorsal setae, (vi) antennae 1 segmented, reduced to a small round plate bearing numerous setae, (vii) legs greatly reduced, represented by a small sclerotic plate with several setae, (viii) with a group of spiracular disc-pores extending from each posterior spiracle inwards to near each mesothoracic leg, and (ix) ventral tubular ducts absent. C. silveirai appears closest to C. longinoi and C. rhizohilum, but it can be easily differentiated from the former by the absence of ventral simple pores, and from the latter by the absence of a subcircular group of simple pores next to each stigmatic sclerotization. (Kondo, 2010)
• Structure: Female subcircular or slightly elliptical, light red. Dorsum convex, 5.0-6.0 mm long, 4.0-5.0 mm wide, and 2.5-3.0 mm tall; lustrous, with a hard derm, covered by a thin layer of waxy secretion; with a median, longitudinal sulcus; derm around anal plates sunken. Anal cleft 0.6 mm. in length; anal lobes contiguous. With 2 lines of white powdery secretion on both sides (probably referring to the wax on the spiracular furrows secreted by the spiracular disc-pores). When the insect is removed from its resting site, it leaves a circular stain of white wax (Translated from Lepage & Piza, 1941) (Kondo, 2010b). The first-instar nymph of C. silveirai can be diagnosed by the combination of the following features: (i) dorsal setae present in 2 longitudinal rows of about 13 setae, (ii) each anterior stigmatic cleft with 3 stigmatic setae; each posterior cleft with 4 setae, (iii) with about 10 marginal setae between anterior and posterior stigmatic setae, (iv) antennae 5 segmented, (v) with pairs of submedian abdominal setae on last 3 abdominal segments, (vi) each anterior stigmatic furrow with about 12 pores; each posterior furrow with about 15 pores, (vii) with a group of microducts between pro- and mesothoracic coxae on each side of body, and (viii) legs with many setae. C. silveirai is the only species in the genus with first-instar nymphs that have 2 pairs of ventral submarginal setae on the head region. (Kondo, 2010b) Lepage and Piza (1941) described the male test of C. silveirai (as Neolecanium silveirai) as glazed satin-like, 2 mm long, 1 mm wide, 1 mm tall, of elliptical form, divided by clear lines into 3 symmetric areas.Lepage and Piza (1941) described the adult male as typical of males in the genus (Neolecanium Parrott) (Kondo, 2010b).
• Biology: Cryptostigma silveirai (Hempel) appears to be restricted to the underground roots of grape vines. (Kondo, 2013) It reproduces sexually on the roots and root crown of its hosts. (Kondo & Pacheco da Silva, 2022)
• Economic Importance: A serious grapevine pest in Sete Lagoas and Diamantina, in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil and in Araraquara, in the State of San Paulo, Brazil. Lepage and Piza (1941) conducted chemical trial experiments on the insects, which occur underground in the roots of grape and are found up to a depth of 90 cm, thus making them difficult to control. (Kondo, 2010b)
• General Remarks: Good description and illustration of the adult female given by Hempel (1900a) and by Lepage & Piza (1941). Good description and illustration of the first-instar nymph given by Lepage & Piza (1941).

Illustrations

Citations