Valid Names Results
Cissococcus Cockerell, 1902 (
Coccidae)
Nomenclatural History
- Cissococcus
Cockerell
1902a: 23.
Type species: Cissococcus fulleri Cockerell
by monotypy and original designation
.
accepted valid name
Remarks
- Systematics: Subfamily: Cissococcinae. Tribe: Cissococcini.
- Structure: When removed from gall adult female body salmon to burgundy pink to dark red in colour, depending on age; body globose to slightly flattened, with a distinct upper surface consisting of half of venter plus small true dorsum closest to gall orifice, and a lower surface formed of half of venter closest to attachment of gall to stem; dorsum clearly distinguishable as almost the only dark sclerotised structure (Fig. 1B) but representing only a small portion of the fully-expanded body (i.e., only about 1/40th area of venter of mature female). (Hodgson, et al., 2011)
Third-instar female. Basically similar to adult female, but smaller. Dorsum with fewer pores and setae; anal plates with few spinose setae. Margin with fewer spinose setae. Eyespot more or less on margin. Venter with or without loculate pores on lower venter, and ventral setae few. Legs much better developed than on adult female, all segments clearly present, and placed near margins of mounted specimens. Antennae clearly 5 or 6 segmented. Mouthparts located on lower venter. (Hodgson, et al., 2011)
Second-instar female. Venter not swollen in youngest individuals but becoming somewhat swollen in more mature specimens. (Hodgson, et al., 2011)
First-instar nymph rather flat and orange to rusty-brown in colour, (Hodgson, et al., 2011)
Second-instar male. Found on leaves and petioles, becoming covered in a loose mass of white wax. Mounted specimens similar to youngest second-instar females apart from dorsum with 2 submedial groups of tubular ducts on abdominal segment IV and sunken cone-shaped secretory spines (occasionally few or absent on some specimens), and venter with tubular ducts present more or less throughout and antennae 7 segmented. (Hodgson, et al., 2011)
Prepupa. Develops beneath loose, white waxy test. Mounted specimens typical of Coccidae; lobes on abdominal segment VII rounded and very short, with a line of fleshy pleural setae; penial sheath large, about as long as basal width; loculate pores only present associated with anterior spiracles. (Hodgson, et al., 2011)
Pupa. Structurally similar to prepupa but with much longer antennae, legs and wing-buds. (Hodgson, et al., 2011)
Adult male moderately large. Head with dermal reticulations almost throughout; gena without genal setae; with 2 pairs of simple eyes. Antennae slightly longer than half body length. Body rather bald, with few body setae, most hair-like setae rather similar to fleshy setae; appendages, however, hirsute, with numerous fleshy setae easily differentiated from hair-like setae. Wings large, each with an alar seta; hamulohalteres present. Legs each with 1-segmented tarsus; no tarsal campaniform sensillum and only 1 tibial spur. Abdomen with a pair of deep glandular pouches, each with 2 capitate glandular pouch setae; glandular pouches with 2 types of pores. Penial sheath long (about ΒΌ total body length), narrow and sharply pointed; anus surrounded by sclerotised derm. (Hodgson, et al., 2011)
- Biology: Females induce galls on wild vines (Vitaceae) of the genus Rhoicissus, and currently are known only from the southeast to northeast areas of South Africa. Males do not induce galls but are free-living on foliage of host plants. Young galls of females appear as small convexities on stems, each with a large hole or orifice apically. The galls expand with age, becoming 5-8 mm in diameter. Galls are green and fleshy when young but become woody and darkened with age. (Hodgson, et al., 2011)
- General Remarks: Definition and characters given by Ferris (1920a), Steinweden (1929) Hodgson (1994a). Photogaphs in Hodgson, et al., 2011.
Keys
- HodgsoMaMi2011: pp.7-Jun
(
Adult (F)
)
[Key for the separation of instars of Cissocuccus species]
Associated References
- BenDov1993:
catalog, pp. 63
- Brain1918:
description, taxonomy, pp.
- Cocker1902a:
taxonomy, pp. 23
- Ferris1920a:
description, taxonomy, pp.
- Hodgso1994a:
description, taxonomy, pp. 178-182
- HodgsoMiGu2011:
description, distribution, life history, structure, taxonomy, pp. 3-7
- MorrisMo1966:
taxonomy, pp. 38
- Steinw1929:
description, taxonomy, pp. 233
2 Species
