Valid Names Results

Carulaspis visci (Schrank, 1781) (Diaspididae: Carulaspis)

Nomenclatural History

Coccus visci Schrank 1781: 296. Type data: AUSTRIA: on Viscum album. Unknown type status, unknown, Type depository: Sacramento: California State Collection of Arthropods, California Dept. Food & Agriculture, California, USA; accepted valid name Illustr.
Aspidiotus visci (Schrank, 1781); Löw 1872: 110. change of combination
Diaspis visci (Schrank, 1781); Löw 1872: 273. change of combination
Diaspis juniperi visci Lindinger 1909b: 222-223. Type data: GERMANY: on Viscum album, 1908. Syntypes, female, junior synonym (discovered by Borchs1966, 161).
Diaspis taxicola; Balachowsky 1927: 182. incorrect synonymy (discovered by Borchs1966, 161).
Diaspis visor (Schrank, 1781); Lindinger 1932f: 201. misspelling of species epithet
Carulaspis visci (Schrank, 1781); Ferris 1941e: 49. change of combination

Common Names

mistletoe scale KosztaKo1988F

Ecological Associates

Hosts:

Families: 4 | Genera: 6

Cupressaceae

Juniperus | Schonf2015
Juniperus oxycedrus | BicheArMe2022
Juniperus phoenicea | BicheArMe2022
Platycladus orientalis | BatsanKaKi2017
Thuja | Moghad2013a

Pinaceae

Pinus | BicheArMe2022

Santalaceae

Viscum album | Borchs1966

Taxaceae

Taxus baccata | BicheArMe2022

Foes:

Families: 2 | Genera: 3

Aphelinidae

Aphytis aonidiae | NikolsYa1966
Aphytis hispanicus | NikolsYa1966
Aphytis mytilaspidis | NikolsYa1966
Aphytis proclia | NikolsYa1966
Encarsia citrina | HuangPo1998 NikolsYa1966 | (= Aspidiotiphagus citrinus)
Encarsia lounsburyi | HuangPo1998 McGugaCo1962 | (= Aspidiotiphagus lounsburyi)

Coccinellidae

Chilocorus bipustulatus | VieiraCaPi1983

Geographic Distribution

Countries: 21

Algeria | BicheArMe2022

Austria | KosztaKo1988F

Azerbaijan | Aligey2016

Belgium | VerstrSe1969 | TrenchTo2014 Tsalev1968

Canary Islands | CarnerPe1986 MatileOr2001

Chile | Gonzal2016

Corsica | Foldi2003

Czechoslovakia | KosztaKo1988F

Egypt | Ezzat1958

France | Foldi2001

Georgia (Republic of) | BatsanKaKi2017

Germany | KosztaKo1988F SchmutHo2016

Greece | MilonaKoKo2008a

Hungary | KosztaKo1988F KozarKoFe2013

Italy | KosztaKo1988F

Sicily | LongoMaPe1995

Madeira Islands | FrancoRuMa2011

Portugal | FrancoRuMa2011

Romania | FetykoKoDa2010

Sardinia | PellizFo1996

Spain | SoriaCaMu1993

United States

Oregon | SchuhMo1948

Keys

Danzig1993: pp.381 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Carulaspis]
Danzig1971d: pp.844 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of family Diaspididae]
Lupo1966: pp.42 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to Carulaspis]
Danzig1964: pp.649 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Carulaspis]
Balach1954e: pp.203 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Carulaspis]
Borchs1950b: pp.206 ( ) [Key to species of Carulaspis]

Remarks

Systematics: There has been much confusion about the species Carulaspis visci, C. juniperi, C. minima and C. caruelii(=C. minima). C. visci only occurs on mistletoe (Viscum spp.) and so records of it on any other host must be considered misidentifications of other Carulaspis species. All New Zealand records of C. visci are actually C. juniperi (Deitz, 1979a). Although, Moghaddam and Watson (2021) did not state that the report of Carulaspis visci in Iran (Moghaddam, 2013a) was also erroneous, they say that it is no longer reported from Iran.
Structure: Scale of adult female is circular with the exuviae central; the scale is white, the exuviae dark yellow or brown (Comstock, 1883).
Biology: Carulaspis visci causes galls in the form of rounded swellings on the leaf of host. Scale is deeply imbedded in the center of a hemispheric cavity lined and covered with the follicle. The morphological alteration of the plant is caused by the hypotrophy of the parenchymatic cells in the area nearest to the insertion of the mouth stylets, and by the hypertrophy of the same tissue in the more distant parts of the mesophyll (Goidanich, 1960).

Illustrations

Citations

AbdRabEv2021: distribution, 32
ArgyriStMo1976: biological control, distribution, host, 25
Baccet1960: distribution, host, taxonomy, 23, 64
Balach1927: taxonomy, 182
Balach1954e: biological control, description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 203, 206-210
BatsanKaKi2017: distribution, host, 257
BeardsGo1975: host, 48
BicheArMe2022: distribution, host, 504
Boraty1957: distribution, host, taxonomy, 246-247
Boraty1968a: host, taxonomy, 33, 34, 35
Borchs1950b: taxonomy, 206
Borchs1966: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 161
CarnerPe1986: distribution, host, taxonomy, 30
Comsto1883: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 96-97
Comsto1916: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 557-558
Danzig1971d: taxonomy, 844
Danzig1993: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 381, 384-385
DanzigPe1998: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 204-205
DeBach1964d: biological control, distribution, host, 12, 13
DeSant1979: biological control, 330, 331
Deitz1979a: distribution, 459
Deitz1979b: distribution, 23
DouttDe1964: distribution, host, 121
Ezzat1958: distribution, 244
Ferris1941e: taxonomy, 49
Ferris1942: taxonomy, SIV-446:49
FetykoKoDa2010: distribution, 295
Foldi2001: distribution, 306
Foldi2003: distribution, 152
FoldiGe2018: distribution, 9
FrancoRuMa2011: distribution, 9,23
Goidan1960: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 2-12
Gonzal2016: diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 173-174
Hall1946a: taxonomy, 507, 548, 552, 554,
HuangPo1998: biological control, 1859, 1910
Jansen2001: distribution, 198
Kaweck1962: host, 22
KnechtNe1959: distribution, host, illustration, 90
Korone1934: 85, 90
KosztaKo1978: illustration, taxonomy, 150, 151
KosztaKo1988F: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 331-332
Kozar1983a: distribution, taxonomy, 148
KozarKoFe2013: distribution, taxonomy, 54
KozarWa1985: catalog, distribution, 82
LagowsGo2020: distribution, 73
Lashin1956: distribution, host, taxonomy, 133
Lindin1907: taxonomy, 5
Lindin1909b: taxonomy, 222
Lindin1911a: taxonomy, 31
Lindin1932f: taxonomy, 201
Lindin1935: taxonomy, 134
Lindin1958: taxonomy, 366
LongoMaPe1995: distribution, 126
LongoMaPe1999a: distribution, 146
Low1872: description, taxonomy, 275-277
Lupo1966: description, distribution, illustration, taxonomy, 37, 38, 42
MatileOr2001: distribution, 189
McGugaCo1962: biological control, distribution, economic importance, 38, 53
McKenz1956: distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 91-93
Meyer1987: physiology, 128
MilonaKoKo2008a: distribution, 144
Moghad2004: distribution, host, 35
Moghad2013a: distribution, host, 18
NikolsYa1966: biological control, distribution, 196, 199, 204, 206,
Panis1981: distribution, taxonomy, 2, 7
Pelliz2011: distribution, 311-312
PellizChMi2015: distribution, 61,70
PellizFo1996: distribution, 121
PerezGCa1985: distribution, 316
RosenDe1978: taxonomy, 100, 102
RosenDe1979: biological control, distribution, 756
Savesc1961: distribution, taxonomy, 23, 24
SchmutHo2016: distribution, host, 57
Schran1781: description, 296
SchuhMo1948: biology, chemical control, diagnosis, distribution, host, 46
Signor1869c: description, host, 134
Signor1877: catalog, description, host, taxonomy, 603
SoriaCaMu1993: description, distribution, host, illustration, 273, 274-275
SoriaMoVi2000: distribution, host, 339
Szulcz1926: distribution, host, taxonomy, 139-140
Terezn1959: description, distribution, taxonomy, 684-685
TrenchTo2014: distribution, 69
Vayssi1915: distribution, host, taxonomy, 298
VerstrSe1969: biological control, distribution, host, 34-36
VieiraCaPi1983: biological control, distribution, taxonomy, 114-115
Vinis1981a: host, taxonomy, 62
Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 235
WilliaBe2009: catalog, 48
Zahrad1972: distribution, taxonomy, 429